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Current Therapy for Human Metacestode Infections (Hydatid Disease and Neurocysticercosis)
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
In addition, compounding these difficulties are problems related to the natural history of hydatid disease. For example, reports from Iran and China suggest that spontaneous rupture of hydatid cysts is not an uncommon event, especially with pulmonary hydatid cysts. However, it does appear that patients who are symptomatic from hydatid disease are more likely to develop significant morbidity and mortality without either medical or surgical treatment compared to those whose cysts are asymptomatic and detected by routine X-ray or physical examinations.
Hydatid Cyst of the Liver
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Rajeev M. Joshi, Murtaza Dadla, Sandeep Sangale
Secondary laboratory tests include detection of precipitation line arc 5 in immunoelectrophoresis which is most specific and virtually diagnostic of hydatid disease. The sensitivity is 95% and specificity is 100%. Immunoblotting and polymerase chain reaction may be useful in extrahepatic hydatid disease and calcified, non-fertile liver hydatid.
The Liver and the Biliary System
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Hydatid disease is rare in this country. However, it is common in South America, the Middle East, Australia, South Africa, Greece, and Eastern Europe. It is usually caused by Echinococcus granulosa, but occasionally by Echinococcus multilocularis which is a more serious disease as it has infiltrative power. The cyst usually appears as a calcified lesion on the X-ray which helps in making the diagnosis. The wall of the cyst consists of three layers: an outside layer of compressed liver tissue, a laminated layer, and an inner epithelial layer. This inner layer contains the daughter cysts. The fluid in the hydatid cysts is usually under high pressure that may reach up to 300 mm of water. The diagnosis of hydatid cysts is made by the Casoni test which is a purified hydatid fluid injected intradermally and read in 15 min. Erythema indicates a positive test. However, this test has a 25% margin of error.
Introduction to a special issue of the International Journal of Hyperthermia: “the status and prospects of the clinical applications of high intensity focused ultrasound”
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
In the past year, the whole world has been going through a difficult time period. During this time, three of our invited authors contracted COVID-19. Thus, it is with great sadness that we announce the passing of Professor Suindyk Imankulov of Kazakhstan from complications of COVID-19. He was unable to complete his paper. Professor Imankulov pioneered work in the clinical applications of HIFU, such as his impressive work in HIFU treatment of hepatic hydatid disease [35]. Hydatid disease, also known as alveococcosis, is caused by parasitic infection of the liver by the helminth Alveococcus multilocaris [36]. The primary infected node in the liver can spread regionally or to other distant organs such as the lung and brain. Surgical resection is the only therapeutic option and this can only be done in 25% of cases. The use of HIFU in treating this disease prevented a series of problems that could have otherwise occurred in open surgery. Six months after HIFU treatment, MRI showed that the hepatic hydatid disease lesion shrunk significantly. It is regrettable that we will not be able to see his continued work in this realm, but the work that he has done has created a solid foundation that can be further explored in the future.
Primary peritoneal hydatidosis mimicking ovarian torsion: a rare presentation
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Nidhi Jindal, Rita Mittal, Nishi Sood, Nancy Thind, Kavita Mardi
Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a parasitic infestation by larval cestodes of genus Echinococcus and is mainly endemic in Mediterranean countries, Middle East, the southern part of South America and Central Asia (Torgerson 2013; Ito and Budke 2017). The major primary site for its occurrence are liver (75%) and lungs (5–15%) and rest of organs add up to 20% (Gandhiraman et al. 2015). Peritoneal hydatid disease is generally secondary to liver or splenic involvement or following spontaneous rupture or accidental spillage during surgery. However primary peritoneal hydatidosis is a very rare form of intra-abdominal hydatidosis (Singh 2008). Most of such cases are asymptomatic until patient presents with lump abdomen, pressure symptoms or urinary or bowel complaints. We report a case of young girl who presented with primary peritoneal hydatidosis as acute abdomen.
Pancreatic echinococcosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Priti Soin, Pranav Sharma, Puneet Singh Kochar
A 34-year-old woman presented with epigastric abdominal pain for 1 month radiating to the back. Her pain was insidious in onset, nonprogressive, continuous, and mild (3/10 intensity). Physical examination was noncontributory. There was no prior significant history. Her blood workup was normal, including serum amylase and lipase levels. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal. Ultrasound abdomen was advised, and the pancreas could not be assessed due to obscuration by overlying bowel gas (images not shown). Computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast demonstrated a 4.0 × 3.5 × 1.5 cm hypodense mass in the pancreatic head/uncinate process. Within this mass, there was suggestion of hyperdense/enhancing curvilinear densities. It was uncertain whether these were dense/calcified septa or enhancement, because no precontrast imaging was performed (Figure 1). These findings were indeterminate, and a broad differential diagnosis was given that did not include hydatid disease.