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Chlamydial infection
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Joyce A. Ibana, Danny J. Schust
The use of vaginal swabs for NAAT testing offers an effective alternative for screening women for chlamydial infection. An evaluation of the use of vaginal swab specimens in the Aptima NAAT system revealed that NAAT provides excellent sensitivity and specificity. Using NAAT for detecting chlamydia on patient-collected vaginal swabs gives a sensitivity and specificity of 98.3% and 96.5% respectively, and for clinician-collected swabs, 97.2% and 95.2% respectively (61). Thus, the use of vaginal swab specimens for NAAT provides an excellent alternative to pelvic examination and endocervical specimen collection. To prevent the adverse effects of chlamydial infection on pregnancy outcomes, the screening of all pregnant women is recommended by the CDC. For these purposes, the noninvasive NAAT is the method of choice. In short, widespread, noninvasive screening for chlamydial infection in men and women should lead to early detection and treatment, thereby reducing reproductive tract morbidities and preventing vertical and horizontal transmission.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
In women, genital Chlamydia infections can lead to endometritis, salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. This can, in turn, lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy. In men, the infection can lead to epididymitis and prostatitis. Rectal or vaginal LGV infection can lead to fistulae and scarring of the surrounding tissue, and long-term damage to the lymphatic system can lead to elephantiasis of the draining tissue.
Knowledge Area 10: Gynaecological Problems
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through MRCOG Part 1, 2020
Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth
It is an obligate intracellular pathogen and cannot grow outside a living cell. Chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection. Certain strains of C. trachomatis (serovars A, B, Ba, C) are associated with trachoma, which is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Serovars L1, L2 and L3 are associated with lymphogranuloma venereum. Serovars D to K cause non-specific urethritis and epididymitis in men and peri-hepatitis, cervicitis, urethritis, endometritis and salpingitis (infection of upper genital tract leading to PID) in women. It can cause Reiter’s syndrome in both men and women (conjunctivitis, proctitis, urethritis and reactive seronegative arthritis). Its long-term sequelae include chronic pelvic pain, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. It is associated with increased rates of transmission of HIV infection. It can be transmitted to the neonate during its passage through the birth canal and may cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia.
Health literacy and knowledge of female reproduction in undergraduate students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
The contraceptive methods most commonly used by women are the oral contraceptive pill (25.9%), female sterilization (25.1%), the male condom (15.3%), and long-acting reversible contraceptives (11.6%) such as the intrauterine device (IUD).19 In one study, women aged 18–19 were more likely than women aged 20–29 to have lower awareness and knowledge of contraception.20 Additionally, women have higher knowledge of condoms and birth control pills and the least knowledge about methods such as Depo-Provera and the vaginal ring.21,22 Men know more about male condoms and withdrawal and trust both methods more than women.23 In another study, less than a third of males and approximately a quarter of females correctly answered that condoms can prevent chlamydia infection. Just over a third of all participants knew that birth control pills do not prevent chlamydia.24
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae PCR detection in women treated for ectopic pregnancy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Jana Racková, Jozef Záhumenský, Michael Zikán, Erika Menzlová, Borek Sehnal
Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide (Chemaitelly et al. 2019). Polymerase chain reaction proved chlamydial nucleic acid in endocervical specimen of 10.1% of Slovak women (Mikulova et al. 2013). The persisting chronic chlamydial infection can be associated with long-term problems such as dyspareunia and signs of dysuria (Peitsidis et al. 2012). However it may be completely asymptomatic in both partners and can manifest later in life as subfertility, tubal occlusion or ectopic pregnancy (Rantsi et al. 2019). Neisseria gonorrheae infection is less common and can manifest symptoms like pelvic inflammatory disease. However, it can also be a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy (Stevens and Criss 2018). While both pathogens can cause a chronic and inapparent infection, we presume that ChT and/or NG nucleic acid can be detected in cervical swab, endometrium or fallopian tube at the time of ectopic nidation. The aim of our study was to verify this hypothesis, confirm anamnestic risk factors for ChT/NG positivity and state appropriate antibiotic therapy of PID in case of statistically significant results.
Associations in preventive sexual health service utilization and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interest among young Black women in the United States, 2018
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Laurenia C. Mangum, Jaih B. Craddock, Darren L. Whitfield
Early detection of STIs is a critical contributing factor of sexual and reproductive health disparities among Black women (CDC, 2018). Research has shown untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia infections can adversely impact fertility among women and even cause pelvic inflammatory disease (Tsevat et al., 2017). The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends sexual health care providers deliver sexual health behavioral counseling (e.g., assessing the sexual behaviors that may place women at risk for infection) and screening (e.g., Testing for STIs and HIV) to all sexually active youth and adults (USPSTF, 2017). Sexual health care providers are well-positioned to offer HIV prevention options, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), to Black women (Pollock & Levison, 2018).