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Ketoconazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Caused by the molds Conidiobolus and Basidiobolus spp., entomophthoromycosis is manifest as a chronic inflammatory disease with a subcutaneous form involving the limbs, trunk, and buttocks (basidiobolomycosis), or a mucocutaneous form localized to the face (conidiobolomycosis). A case of subcutaneous Conidiobolus coronatus infection, involving the nose, forehead, and neck, present for 6 years, initially improved with potassium iodide but developed recurrent disease which resolved completely when treated with ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily for 6 months. No relapse occurred during 3 years’ follow-up (Towersey et al., 1988). Hay (1983) has reported a case that did not respond to 5 months’ treatment with ketoconazole. Infections by Basidiobolus ranarum usually occurs in children. Most cases resolve spontaneously. Ketoconazole 400 mg daily has been used with some success (Gugnani, 1999). The number of cases reported in the literature is too small to make any recommendations concerning the efficacy of ketoconazole for this infection. Potassium iodide or itraconazole are recommended as reasonable first drugs of choice. However, other agents, including miconazole, cotrimoxazole, amphotericin B, and terbinafine, have been used with variable success (Prabhu and Patel, 2004).
Serodiagnosis: Antibody and Antigen Detection
Published in Johan A. Maertens, Kieren A. Marr, Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, 2007
Christine J. Morrison, David W. Warnock
The definitive diagnosis of subcutaneous and gastrointestinal forms of basidiobolomycosis and conidiobolomycosis (also termed entomophthoramycosis or subcutaneous zygomycosis) depends on microscopic examination and culture. However, ID has proved useful as an adjunctive method for the detection of these uncommon infections (302,303). The ID test appears to be specific for Basidiobolus ranarum, but its sensitivity has not been determined. It also appears to be useful for monitoring the response to treatment (304).
Gastro-intestinal basidiobolomycosis in a 2-year-old boy: dramatic response to potassium iodide
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Anahita Sanaei Dashti, Amir Nasimfar, Hossein Hosseini Khorami, Gholamreza Pouladfar, Mohammad Rahim Kadivar, Bita Geramizadeh, Masoomeh Khalifeh
Basidiobolomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by B. ranarum, a filamentous fungi belonging to the basidiobolacea family, of the Entomophthorales order.3,5 Basidiobolomycosis is mostly known as one of the chronic subcutaneous fungal infections; gastro-intestinal involvement is a rare form of the disease.3,6 It mostly affects young males and is transmitted through traumatic inoculation of the skin.7 In the absence of specific clinical symptoms, the manifestations of GIB are abdominal pain or mass, constipation, abdominal distention and fever.4 Weight loss, diarrhoea, vomiting, lower gastro-intestinal bleeding and hepatomegaly may occur. The colon, rectum, small bowel, stomach, liver and gallbladder are the organs most likely to be involved.4
Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual, mysterious, and emerging endemic fungal infection
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Jamie Bering, Neema Mafi, Holenarasipur R. Vikram
Basidiobolomycosis remains an infrequent, multi-system fungal infection with a wide range of clinical manifestations masquerading as infectious, malignant or inflammatory lesions based on the site of involvement. Tissue biopsy with or without specimen culture is mandatory for a conclusive, unequivocal diagnosis of basidiobolomycosis and to exclude other aetiologies. Improvement in personal hygiene and sanitation in rural areas as well as access to protective clothing and footwear for farmers and outdoor labourers in endemic regions might reduce the incidence of basidiobolomycosis. Likewise, better food hygiene and thorough washing of uncooked fruits and vegetables might lower the incidence of GIB, although the exact mechanism of acquisition is unknown. The most effective antifungals, mono- versus combination therapy, and the optimum duration of treatment for various forms of basidiobolomycosis remain to be established. A recent review draws attention to entomophthoramycosis and several other neglected endemic mycoses around the world; mycetoma was included as the only fungal infection in the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases in 2016, and chromoblastomycosis was added in 2017 [27].
Zoonotic fungal diseases and animal ownership in Nigeria
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Adebowale I. Adebiyi, Daniel O. Oluwayelu
Basidiobolomycosis is a rare but emerging fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum.33 The causative agent is an environmental saprophyte found worldwide and isolated from decaying plant materials, foodstuff, fruits, leaves of deciduous trees and soil. Also, it is occasionally present in the gastrointestinal tracts of amphibians (e.g. frogs and toads), reptiles (e.g. garden lizards and geckos), fish, and mammals (e.g. horses, dogs, insectivorous bats and humans) as well as in the faeces of Kangaroos and wallabies.34–38 It is usually a subcutaneous infection but gastrointestinal involvement has also been described.39,40