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Voice Disorders and Laryngitis
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Management:If nodules are not causing significant problems, they should be left alone.Aggravating factors, such as inadequate lubrication, infections, and reflux, should be treated to reduce their irritant effects.Mainstay for persistent vocal nodules is VT with VH. Not infrequently, the voice and function improve, but the nodules persist.Surgery should be reserved for those who fail voice therapy and remain symptomatic. Surgical aim is precise excision of the nodule alone, with no exposure of the underlying ligament.
Significant Advancements in Cancer Diagnosis Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Gurmanik Kaur, Ajat Shatru Arora
Lung cancer is among the top causes of mortality worldwide. If the nodule is relatively small, a wide range of medical treatments would then benefit a number of patients. Unfortunately, because a few people have no symptoms in the initial stages of disease, detecting progressive sickness, neual advancement, and metastases illness emerges later in 75% of lung cancer cases. According to an Australian study, people with cancer have a 15% chance of survival [41]. Many other studies have revealed their findings in classifying and detecting lung nodules employing the LIDC-IDRI dataset. The dataset includes over 2,40,000 nodule pictures.
Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
Paralysis of the left vocal fold may be due to malignancy in the mediastinum, thyroid or the glottic structures. The most common cause of nodules is voice abuse. A nodule is an accumulation of fibrous tissue in the submucosa, producing a small sessile lesion that may be hemorrhagic or pale gray in color. The surface mucosa covering the nodule is usually intact and indistinguishable from the surrounding mucosa. Often the mucosa over the nodule may appear hypertrophied. Vocal fold nodules and polyps are characteristically found at the junction of the anterior and middle third of the membranous vocal fold. When a nodule is present, a vocal polyp may be located on the opposite vocal fold at the position of contact with the nodule when the vocal folds are adducted.
Influence factors and nomogram for volume reduction rate in benign thyroid nodule after thermal ablation
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Shiliang Cao, Lijia Wang, Ying Wei, Zhenlong Zhao, Jie Wu, Mingan Yu
Thermal ablation has become an alternative or even primary treatment for benign thyroid nodules in clinical practice [1,5–7,15–17]. The main treatment indications for benign thyroid nodules are local compression symptoms and esthetic demands, which are generally associated with large nodules. The severity of these symptoms primarily depends on the nodule volume. A higher VRR corresponds to increased absorption and reduced volume of the residual ablation zone, resulting in milder compression symptoms and less impact on appearance. Therefore, VRR is a major concern for both doctors and patients during follow-up. A prediction of VRR before ablation will benefit evidence-based medical decisions, and the maximum diameter of the nodule that triggers thermal ablation can be speculated based on the predictive VRR.
Decorin inhibits the formation of hard nodules after microwave ablation by inhibiting the TGF-β1/SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways: in a Bama miniature pig model of mammary gland hyperplasia
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Yue Du, Xinyao Liu, Kai Du, Wenkai Zhang, Rui Li, Lizhi Yang, Linggang Cheng, Wen He, Wei Zhang
Benign breast lesions (e.g. fibroadenoma and mammary gland hyperplasia) are the most common diseases in adult women, and approximately 80% of breast nodules with biopsy indications are confirmed to be benign after pathological diagnosis [1,2]. A minority of nodules disappear spontaneously without treatment, but some of them are superficial, readily palpable, or accompanied by symptoms such as pain, swelling, or nipple discharge. In addition, some patients are worried about the enlargement of the nodules and the risk of malignancy in some pathological types and also suffer from a degree of psychological burden. There is, therefore, still a need for treatment in a large number of patients [3–5]. Although surgery is considered one of the most commonly used methods, it often results in problems such as bleeding, hematoma, difficulty in completely removing all lesions, and scar formation. How to treat benign breast lesions in a minimally invasive, effective, and safe manner is still a matter of debate, and ablation therapy is generally considered to be a better alternative to surgical procedures.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Ethanol and Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Thyroid Nodules and Their Effects on Cosmetic Scoring
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Emrah Karatay, Mirkhalig Javadov
Nodules that cannot be palpated by clinical and physical examination are much more frequently detected by imaging modalities, especially ultrasonography, and they are often detected incidentally in ultrasonography directed at this level. Although most of the detected nodules are benign and do not cause significant clinical symptoms, some nodules may occasionally cause compression-related symptoms or some nodules may cause thyrotoxic symptoms due to their hyperfunction [5–7]. US is very useful in measuring the number and size of thyroid nodule and excluding the malignancy. It can also be used as a guide in fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). In differentiating benign and malignant nodules, various US features (irregular nodule edges, microcalcifications without acoustic shadowing, mixed type or chaotic vascularization, extension beyond the thyroid capsule) can help to predict malignancy [8, 9]. The ideal method to decide the need for treatment is the cytological examination result obtained with FNAB. In US-guided FNAB, it is easier to direct the biopsy needle to the desired location, and consequently, the possibility of obtaining non-diagnostic material decreases [10].