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Gastroenteritis (Viral)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Gastroenteritis, also called stomach flu, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from a viral infection. Acute diarrhea and vomiting are most frequently infectious in origin with viral gastroenteritis being the second most common illness in the U.S. It is common in children and presents most often as diarrhea. Symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in adults are pathogen dependent and frequently include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal and headache pain, and fever.1 Gastroenteritis can lead to dehydration, morbidity, and in some countries substantial mortality.
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Treatment of acute gastroenteritis [22] includes the following: use of ORS for rehydrationhypotonic solutionfast oral rehydration over 3–4 hoursrapid realimentation with normal feeding thereafteruse of special formula is unjustifieduse of diluted formula is unjustifiedcontinuation of breast feeding at all timessupplementation with ORS for ongoing lossesno unnecessary medications
Relation of Antigliadin Antibodies to Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy
Published in Tadeusz P. Chorzelski, Ernst H. Beutner, Vijay Kumar, Tadeusz K. Zalewski, Serologic Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, 2020
Annemarie Bürgin-Wolff, M. J. Lentze
In this group of patients (n = 25), blood was taken during their hospitalization because of severe dehydration. The acute gastroenteritis resulted from various causes. The diet at the time of blood sample on admission was appropriate for their age and contained gluten. The second blood sample was taken 1 or 2 weeks after the first specimen, prior to discharge from the hospital, after dietary treatment and gradual resumption of nutrition appropriate for age. The third blood sample was taken 6 weeks after the first specimen, in the outpatient department. Intestinal biopsies were not performed in this group. Antibodies to gliadin were not found in the 25 patients with acute gastroenteritis on admission. In no case did the episode of diarrhea lead to a stimulation of antibody production against gliadin in the following 6 weeks.
The incidence of laboratory-confirmed cases of enteric pathogens in Denmark 2018: a national observational study
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Anna Tølbøll Svendsen, Hans Linde Nielsen, Peter Bytzer, John Eugenio Coia, Jørgen Engberg, Hanne Marie Holt, Lars Lemming, Steen Lomborg, Ea Sofie Marmolin, Bente Scharvik Olesen, Leif Percival Andersen, Steen Ethelberg, Anne Line Engsbro
A strength of this study is the complete national data set with all Danish departments of clinical microbiology providing data on cases and test methods and the inclusion of most enteric pathogens that are tested for in Denmark. However, our study’s major limitation is the lack of data on the total number of tests performed for each test category. We may thus have underestimated incidences when basing these on the entire population of the department of clinical microbiology, and age-specific incidences may be biased by different testing rates and patterns for different age groups. Also, this epidemiological overview is based on diagnosed pathogens and does not extrapolate to all cases of acute gastroenteritis since testing is often limited to the more severe cases. Further, some pathogens were not routinely tested for in some departments of clinical microbiology. For example EAEC was tested for by only four departments and was not included in this study despite its potential clinical relevance. Another limitation is the lack of information on travel status. Travel information is often requested but not uniformly so by the departments of clinical microbiology and is not always provided by the clinician. We found a higher reporting of travel history for the bacterial pathogens while it was largely unknown for most cases with viral and parasitic findings. We believe this is due to a higher request of travel information for bacterial analyses where this information is used for determining whether to test for DEC.
News Briefs
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2019
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently featured an update on preventing the spread of norovirus. According to the CDC, norovirus is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States (US), causing from 19 to 21 million cases annually. Often known by names such as the stomach flu or food poisoning, norovirus is highly contagious. Norovirus is responsible for over 56,000 hospitalizations and over 570 deaths yearly in the US mostly in children and the elderly, according to a CDC source (https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/downloads/keyfacts.pdf). Symptoms of norovirus illness include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain and may include fever, headache, or body aches. According to the CDC, a person with norovirus illness can spread it by close contact with other people, by preparing and sharing food with others, or by contaminating surfaces in bathrooms, kitchens, and elsewhere. The CDC feature lists and illustrates specific steps to take to prevent the spread of norovirus and includes links to more information on norovirus disease. The CDC feature on norovirus prevention was retrieved 08 December 2018 at https://www.cdc.gov/features/norovirus/index.html.
Rotavirus and illness severity in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis at the primary care out-of-hours service
Published in European Journal of General Practice, 2021
Pien Wolters, G. A Holtman, A. A. H Weghorst, M. Knoester, M. Y. Berger
Acute gastroenteritis is a common infectious disease, especially in children [1]. Typically, it has an uncomplicated and self-limiting course, allowing it to be managed with simple advice and instructions from a general practitioner (GP) [2]. However, acute gastroenteritis is also a major cause of hospital admission for children worldwide if it follows a more severe course that results in dehydration and requires hospitalisation [2]. These admissions not only burden the child and his or her parents but also result in considerable costs that are borne by the health care system and each household [3–5].