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Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
The clinical manifestations include edema of the feet, ankles, and lower legs, due to water retention. The urine may darker due to the presence of blood. Dyspnea and fatigue are often present. Nausea or vomiting are common, and there may also be a metallic taste in the mouth.
Insights into the Recent Scientific Evidences of Natural Therapeutic Treasures as Diuretic Agents
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer Hedaoo, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
There are many artificial drug medicines that are universally used for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart condition, and different water retention disorders.6 Modern day diuretics include ethacrynic acid, torsemide, spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide, acetazolamide, methazol-amide, amiloride, triamterene, and mannitol (Table 4.1).7 But these medication have varied adverse effects like hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dilutional hyponatremia, allergic manifestations, hyperuricemia, symptom, drowsiness, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, rise in blood carbamide, nausea, dizziness, muscle cramps, headache, chills, polydipsia, confusion, and pain in chest.8 Because of these adverse effects, the local populations have rapidly moved toward the natural therapy.9 In the race to find a cure for water retention-related problems, many individuals are turning to natural diuretics.10 Herbal and natural merchandise of folks medicines are used for hundreds of years in each culture throughout world.11 Scientists and medical professionals have shown inflated interest within the field as they recognized truth health edges of those remedies.12 Herbal medication have gained importance and recognition in recent years as a result of their safety, economicity, and value effectiveness.13
When should nutritional support be considered?
Published in Linda Field, Nursing & Health Survival Guide: Nutrition and Hydration, 2016
Common signs are: low plasma levels of potassium, phosphate, magnesium and thiamine.salt and water retention.electrolyte imbalances, if untreated, can lead to cardiac, respiratory, hepatic and neuromuscular system disorders leading to clinical complications and death.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the management of type 2 diabetes
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Maka Siamashvili, Stephen N. Davis
There are other potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors as the members of the class are being investigated in diverse active studies that include: (a) The effects of empagliflozin on serum sodium levels in individuals with chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH) (NCT03202667). It is thought that osmotic diuresis that accompanies treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors could potentially equilibrate water retention, natriuresis, and hyponatremia of SIADH; (b) The effects in T2DM patients requiring cardiac surgery (NCT04340908): whether treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors for one year could positively affect cardiac function and long-term CV mortality, and reduce postoperative complications; The effects on: (c) diabetic nephropathy (because of shown renoprotective properties) (NCT03573102), (d) polycystic ovary syndrome (whether SGLT2 inhibitors can improve insulin resistance that often accompanies this syndrome) (NCT04700839), (e) glucose flux, lipolysis and exercise (NCT04219124) and others (Tables 4– 6). Table 5
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in end-stage kidney disease: dangerous or underutilized?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
NSAID-related adverse kidney outcomes are similarly well documented. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, particularly of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGI2, has the net effect of increased sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of Henle and decreased potassium secretion in the distal tubule leading to hyperkalemia and a Type IV renal tubular acidosis [36–38]. Increased sodium and water retention, in turn, is thought to contribute to mild worsening of blood pressure control and decreased response to antihypertensive agents, particularly loop diuretics [36,39]. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of NSAID therapy as well, with NSAID-associated AKI accounting for up to 15.5% of all cases of drug-related kidney failure [40,41]. PGI2 is essential in maintaining adequate kidney perfusion in patients with other preexisting health conditions that predispose to decreased actual or effective circulating volume [36]. NSAID use in these individuals may increase the risk of ischemia and acute tubular necrosis. Long-term consumption of NSAIDs is also known to cause analgesic nephropathy, the hallmarks of which are renal papillary necrosis and chronic kidney dysfunction [36,42]. Finally, two rare complications of NSAID therapy are interstitial nephritis and minimal change disease [36,43,44]. While the mechanism of this association is currently unknown, it is hypothesized that COX inhibition shunts arachidonic acid down alternate metabolic pathways to produce pro-inflammatory prostanoids [36].
Purified and specific cytoplasmic pollen extract: a non-hormonal alternative for the treatment of menopausal symptoms
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Andrea Genazzani, Nick Panay, Tommaso Simoncini, Herman Depypere, Alfred Mueck, Christian Egarter, Nicoletta Biglia, Tomas Fait, Martin Birkhaeuser, Sven O. Skouby, Mark Brincat, Steven Goldstein, Xiangyan Ruan, Cuauhtémoc Celis-Gonzales, Santiago Palacios
Premenstrual syndrome often includes symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, depression, loss of confidence, mood swings, and fatigue. There are also physical symptoms, typically bloating, water retention, and breast pain. It is the timing, rather than the types of symptoms, and the degree of impact on daily activity that supports a diagnosis of PMS. The symptoms, which may severely affect quality of life, occur during the 2 weeks before menses, and some signs continue during menstruation before disappearing a few days afterwards [29]. These manifestations can occur in women from their late 20s to their early 40s and have a negative impact on their professional, social, and sexual lives. PMS is caused by changes in normal hormone levels that can induce disorders in the central neuroendocrine system. It is well established that serotonin plays a role in PMS, as some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have a beneficial impact on premenstrual disorders. A meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials involving SSRIs used in PMS confirmed these to be more efficacious than placebo [30–32].