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Immunodeficiency Diseases
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Complete blood count, differential count and absolute lymphocyte counts. T cells are the major population, comprising 70–80% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Hence an absolute lymphopenia (< 3000 mm3 in an infant) is associated with T cell defect rather than a B cell deficiency disease. Maternal T cell engraftment or a residual autologous T cells in patients with CID might result in in a near normal lymphocyte count on differential count. This can be defined by flow cytometry as maternal cells are of the activated/memory phenotype CD45RO+ and there is often a paucity or absence of naïve CD45RA+ cells (Muller et al. 2001).
HLA-DR and -DQ Serotyping
Published in M. Kam, Jeffrey L. Bidwell, Handbook of HLA TYPING TECHNIQUES, 2020
Check the cells for concentration and labeling; dispense 0.5 μl of the suspension into a glass-bottomed microtiter plate containing paraffin oil and view the droplet on an inverted epifluorescence microscope. For preparations of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) the cells should cover about 75% of the area of the droplet on the plate, appearing as an almost confluent layer when viewed with visible light. Under fluorescence the B lymphocytes (10 to 15% of the cells) will have green surface fluorescence of the "patching and capping" type. Any monocytes present will show a more diffuse surface labeling. For preparations in which the proportion of B cells is high (cells derived from spleen or lymph node) the cell concentration should be reduced to give approximately the same B cell concentration, taking into account the proportion of labeled cells. Cells derived from patients with active leukemia may all be HLA class II positive and their concentration should also be adjusted accordingly (see "Problems in HLA-DR, -DQ Typing", page 282).
Reproduction and Regulation of the Autoimmunity That Induces Cartilage Pathology in Experimental Immune Synovitis
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, and Arthritis, 2020
In addition, cell-mediated immune responses to rabbit IgG, the native and denatured interstitial collagens, were analyzed in rabbits with chronic immune synovitis (23). As summarized in Table 1, only animals with immune synovitis (Table 1, row 4) were noted to have an incidence of cell-mediated immune responses to both homologous IgG and the native interstitial collagens and their constituent α chains. The relatively high incidence of cell-mediated immune responses to both native and denatured collagens suggests that immunity to structural components of the synovial membrane and the adjacent surface of articular cartilage may play a role in the inflammation observed in immune synovitis. Factors that likely influence the incidence of the autoimmunity noted in immune synovitis animals are the quantitative nature of in vitro cell-mediated immune responses, the outbred nature of the animals, and the lymphatic nature of the cells utilized. This last point reflects the use of peripheral blood lymphocytes is synovial cell lymphocytes infiltrates versus splenic or thymic cells. Nevertheless, these data show that both a humoral and a cell-mediated autoimmunity to collagen are noted in chronic immune synovitis.
PON2 blockade overcomes dexamethasone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Published in Hematology, 2022
Pei-Ye Hui, Yan-Hua Chen, Jing Qin, Xiao-Hua Jiang
Fifty diagnosed ALL patients frossm the Weifang Maternal and Child health Hospital (Shandong, China) were included in this study. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected at initial diagnosis, complete remission or at relapse after the induction therapy after Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) separation of peripheral blood, respectively [15]. Sensitive patients were diagnosed if complete remission after standard induction treatment for twenty-eight days without recurrence in a short time. Patients whose complete remission was not attained after induction treatment or repeated recurrence occurred were diagnosed as resistant group [16]. Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes samples (n = 25) were collected from individuals with suspected hematologic malignancy but were actually normal. Informed consents were obtained from participants prior to this study. The clinical features of these cases are listed in Table 1.
IL-6 and other biomarkers as predictors of severity in COVID-19
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
N. Broman, K. Rantasärkkä, T. Feuth, M. Valtonen, M. Waris, U. Hohenthal, E. Rintala, A. Karlsson, H. Marttila, V. Peltola, T. Vuorinen, J. Oksi
Biomarkers were taken upon admission or within the first few days. For each biomarker, only the first measurement was used for this study. The peripheral blood lymphocyte count, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer were all analysed according to standard methods. Human myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), a cytoplasmic GTPase with direct antiviral effect and exclusively induced by type I and III interferons (IFNs), was used as a key biomarker for identifying virus infection [5,6]. Under virus invasion, MxA forms oligomer rings around virus nucleocapsid structures blocking their translation through aggregation, disruption, or prevention of translocation. MxA is detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells within a few hours of IFN stimulation and has a half-life of about 2.3 days, providing a specific indication of acute or very recent virus infection. On the other hand, viruses have evasion mechanisms which delay the induction or action of IFNs.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of mycotoxin fusaric acid
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Sevcan Mamur, Fatma Ünal, Serkan Yılmaz, Esra Erikel, Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from two healthy volunteers (nonsmokers, aged between 24 and 26 years), a man and a woman. This study was approved by the ethical committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University (26.05.2014-277). The lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations of FA at 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL. But the concentrations of FA at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL was not evaluated because of the insufficient number of cells. A solvent control (DMSO), which did not exceed 0.5% (v/v) of the culture medium, a negative (distilled water) and positive control Mitomycin-C (MMC, 0.20 μg/mL) in CAs, SCEs, and MN assays, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 40 µM) in comet assay were used in the study. FA did not change the pH of the culture medium.