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Targeted Therapy for Cancer Stem Cells
Published in Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer, 2021
Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Saswati Karmakar, Garima Kaushik, Sanchita Rauth, Srikanth Barkeer, Saravanakumar Marimuthu, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
Another kind of unconventional T cells, Gamma delta T cells, are innate effector immune cells. These cells have been shown to express a higher amount of CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors and enhance CSC specific immune response. These cells have also been reported to proliferate and secrete TNF-α and IFN-γ, and produce apoptotic and cytotoxic granzymes, and target CSCs when administered with zoledronate in colon cancer [37, 38].
Gastroenterology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Immunological abnormalities include an increased proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes with gamma/delta T-cell receptors, reduced lamina propria suppressor cell numbers and increased antibody (including antigliadin antibody) production. Gluten-specific CD4 positive T-cells are restricted by the HLA-DQ DQ2 heterodimer. There is aberrant HLA-DR expression by immature crypt enterocytes, reduced enterocyte survival time and increased intestinal permeability.
Polyphenols and Cancer Immunology
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
Gamma delta T-cells are an important part of the TILs group. They exhibit antitumor activity, which is associated with the production of cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) as well as stimulation of DCs maturation. Their distinctive feature, which distinguishes them from lymphocytes αβ, is the lack of MHC restriction. In addition, these cells exhibit a strong antitumor activity by exerting a cytotoxic effect. Their activity, however, depends on the type of tumor and location in the tumor. It has been shown that TGF-β produced by TAMs can convert T lymphocytes γδ into cells with Treg properties and, thus, antitumor activity (LoPresti et al. 2014).
Haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplant for severe aplastic anemia in children with carbapenem-resistant enterocolitis
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Ambreen Pandrowala, Ajay Narayan Sharma, Sangeeta Mudaliar, Saroj Chavan, Parag Karkera, Pradnya Bendre, Parth Ganatra, Minnie Bodhanwala, Bharat Agarwal, Prashant Hiwarkar
We used reduced toxicity conditioning regimen and a TCR alpha-beta deplete haploidentical graft with rituximab on day-1 for CD19+ depletion. Reduced toxicity myelosuppressive conditioning with treosulfan, fludarabine and single fraction TBI reduces the risk of graft rejection without significant organ toxicity and hence possibly also reduce the risk of translocation of MDR organisms.11,12 Depletion of host-reactive T cells reduces the risk of GvHD while high number of NK cells in T-cell depleted PBSC graft facilitate engraftment. Gamma-delta T cells along with NK cells and monocytes preserve some anti-infective activity. In addition, rapid neutrophil engraftment in majority of patients receiving alpha beta deplete graft would also reduce the risk of infectious complications especially in patients with MDR infection.13 Our first patient engrafted early at day + 10 with resolution of enterocolitis. The second child had no liquefaction of liver abscess post neutrophil recovery with resolution of the lesion on follow up ultrasound.
Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers in vulval squamous cell carcinoma based on human papillomavirus infection Status-Analysis of GSE183454
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Ruxing Xi, Donghong Li, Shuanque Yang, Hui Zhang, Lijuan Hu, Xiaowei Wang, Guoqing Wang, Yan Wang
The influence of microenvironment cell infiltration patterns by the genomic variation of VSCC after HPV infection was also analysed in ESTIMATE algorithm. Only macrophage was significantly enriched in HPV-negative VSCC. Recent studies found that cell components of microenvironment play a crucial role in tumour progression. The tumour part was composed of not only tumour cells but also stromal cells such as macrophage (Bindea et al.2013). Increased evidence demonstrated single key molecule could induce immune tolerance by changing microenvironment immune cell infiltration characterisations, and avoid immune attack by reshaping the microenvironment structures (Zhou et al.2019). These five key molecules mentioned above were investigated with immune checkpoint expression and the infiltration levels of TME immune cells in VSCC. Unfortunately, we noted that there were no significant relationships between five key molecules and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. However, significant negative correlations between expression of key molecules and TME immune cell infiltrations were found. Gamma delta T cell was unique T cell subpopulation which is enriched in peripheral tissues including skin and makes key contributions to immune response (Ribot et al.2021). Regulatory T cell which prevents autoimmune reactions by suppressing the activation and function of conventional T cells (Savage et al.2020). Both were found negative related with SYCP2. However, central memory CD8+ T cell, which depends on its stem-cell-like capacity to expand, differentiate and self-renew (Pais Ferreira et al.2020), was also found negative related with SYCP2. It is necessary to further investigate the role of key molecules in TME immune cell infiltrations.
CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: ready for the next round of clinical testing?
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2018
Brooke L. Prinzing, Stephen M. Gottschalk, Giedre Krenciute
In conclusion, we believe that immunotherapy for GBM holds the promise to improve outcomes for patients affected by this devastating disease. While this review has focused on cell therapy with genetically modified T cells, other approaches are actively being explored including cell therapies with (1) conventional T cells [126], (2) T cells that are genetically modified to express TCRs [127], and (3) other cellular platforms including unmodified or genetically engineered gamma delta T cells, natural killer (NK), invariant NKT, or NK-92 cells [128–132]. Lastly, multiple preclinical and clinical studies remain focused on GBM vaccines [133,134].