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Serological (in vitro) and component testing methods in the diagnosis of human allergic disease
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Better serological surrogates of immunotherapy efficacy than allergen-specific IgG/IgG4 levels are needed. Leading the list is the CD23-dependent IgE-facilitated allergen binding assay shown to block IgE-mediated facilitated allergen presentation. To be useful, however, it needs to be configured into an assay that routine clinical immunology laboratories can readily perform.
Clinical Applications of Thymic Hormones, Current Status, and Perspectives
Published in Marek P. Dabrowski, Barbara K. Dabrowska-Bernstein, Immunoregulatory Role of Thymus, 2019
Marek P. Dabrowski, Barbara K. Dabrowska-Bernstein
It is not our aim to present here all the immunodiagnostic méthodologie details which the reader may find in respective handbooks of clinical immunology. Instead, we would like to outline shortly the clinical indications for therapeutic application of TH and to present briefly the most advisable methods of immunological monitoring of the therapy.
Allergic Rhinitis
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Immunotherapy (sometimes called desensitization) is a method of inducing tolerance to an allergen and therefore reducing unwanted symptoms. It can reduce the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, offer long-lasting reduction of symptoms (even when treatment has stopped) and can prevent the progression of allergic disease.71 It involves repeated exposure of the patient to the allergen usually, but not always, with a gradual increase in allergen dose. It can be given subcutaneously by injection (SCIT) or sublingually in drops or tablets (SLIT). Studies have shown similar efficacy for SCIT and SLIT.72 It is effective in reducing symptoms in adults and older children71 though the results are less clear for children under five.73 There are several guidelines regarding the selection of patients and treatment protocols, one of which is published by the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.74
Identification of serum micro-RNAs of early knee osteoarthritis in a cohort of Egyptian patients
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2023
Anna Abou-Raya, Mohamed Rizk, Eman AbdelGhani, Nermen AbdelMegid
In this case–control study, 90 subjects were recruited from the Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit of the Internal Medicine Department, Alexandria University Hospital and Alexandria Student’s Hospital. An informed consent was taken from all patients before the beginning of the study. The study was conducted on three groups. The first group (group A) consisted of 40 adult patients with early osteoarthritis defined by WOMAC score ≤ 60 [48] and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade ≤1 [49]. The second group (group B) consisted of 40 adult persons (age and sex matched) and were the control group. The third group (group C) consisted of 10 adult patients with severe osteoarthritis defined by WOMAC score ≥81 [48] and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade 4 [49]. Patients with systemic infection, other rheumatic diseases, other autoimmune diseases and trauma to the joint were excluded from the study. This study was approved by the local ethics committee of our institution. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Increasing prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and low linkage to care in Denmark on 31 December 2016 – an update based on nationwide registers
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Signe Bollerup, Maria Wessman, Janne Fuglsang Hansen, Stine Nielsen, Gordon Hay, Susan Cowan, Henrik Krarup, Lars Omland, Peter Jepsen, Nina Weis, Peer Brehm Christensen
Likewise, we thank the participants in the DANVIR group for contributing with laboratory data: Anders Fomsgaard Department of Virology Statens Serum Institut; Bitten Aagaard Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital; Christian Erikstrup Department of Clinical Immunology, Aahus University Hospital; Didi Bang at the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre; Esad Dzajic, Department of Clinical Diagnostics Hospital South West Jutland, University hospital of Southern Denmark; Eva Rabing Brix Petersen Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland; Joanna Lis-Tønder, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark; Jørgen Georgsen, Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital; Keld M. Homburg Department of Clinical Immunology, Sealand University Hospital; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital.
Health economic analyses of secondary vaccine effects: a systematic review and policy insights
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Kimberly M. Thompson, Kamran Badizadegan
We begin with the clinical immunology terminology of primary vaccine effects (PVEs) and secondary vaccine effects (SVEs) from a recent workshop of subject-matter experts [31]. Figure 1 shows the components of the immune system associated with PVEs and SVEs. PVEs represent activation of the antigen-specific (or pathogen-specific) systemic or local adaptive immunity subsequent to the administration of a vaccine (Figure 1, right panel). As such, PVEs represent the classical immunobiology of vaccines as the inducers of memory in the adaptive immune system. SVEs represent the set of all other immunological responses to a vaccine that are not a direct consequence of the antigen-specific (or pathogen-specific) activation of the adaptive immunity (Figure 1, left panels). In the existing literature, SVEs are also variably known as heterologous, off-target, pathogen agnostic, non-antigen specific, nonspecific, or non-specific effects [31]. Classification of specific observed health outcomes requires evidence, knowledge, or assumptions about immunological mechanisms of action to assign them to PVEs related to adaptive immunity (i.e. antigen-specific activation of B and T lymphocytes) or SVEs related to activation and/or training of the innate immunity or a combination of multiple pathways (Figure 1) [31]. For example, protection from measles morbidity and mortality are the PVEs for the measles vaccine, and reduction in all-cause mortality in children who have received the measles vaccine suggests potential SVEs of the measles vaccine [32].