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The Urinary System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Chronicpyelonephritis is also infective in origin, but low-grade or recurrent infections make the progress of the disease more insidious, and progression to end-stage renal failure occurs commonly in patients with obstruction. Correction of the underlying obstruction is an essential part of effective therapy.
Renal disorders
Published in Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson, Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson
A UTI can present as acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis, septicaemia or be picked up as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Acute pyelonephritis may lead to renal scarring and changes of chronic pyelonephritis. UTI associated with reflux can cause scarring in a growing kidney and this can lead to hypertension and chronic renal failure.
The urinary tract and male reproductive system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Luis Beltran, Daniel M. Berney
Recurrent or protracted episodes of acute pyelonephritis may lead to renal parenchymal scarring. Once established this scarring causes progressive renal damage over many years, even in the absence of further infection. Chronic pyelonephritis is an important cause of established kidney disease and accounts for about 15% of the European population requiring renal replacement therapy.
Medicinal plants consumption against urinary tract infections: a narrative review of the current evidence
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Efthymios Poulios, Georgios K. Vasios, Evmorfia Psara, Constantinos Giaginis
Tong and coworkers studied the potential beneficial effect of herbal formulation on murine UTI experimentally induced by Escherichia coli 11,128. E. coli 11,128 carrying Dr fimbriae was taken from chronic pyelonephritis patients. MIC rate of herbal formulation for E. coli 11,128 was also evaluated. Forty C3H/HeJ mice were separated into the herbal formulation-treated group (n = 20, Chinese herbs dose of 20 g/kg body weight daily, 3 days before inoculation), and control group (n = 20, same amount of distilled water). 3 and 6 days after infection, bacteria were determined in both mice urine and kidneys and kidney histopathologic modifications were assessed. In herbal formulation treated mice, there was a considerable decrease in both urine bacterial volumes and kidney colonization densities. Microscopic analysis showed inflammatory signs in kidneys. In herbal formulation treated mice, it was found considerably decreased neutrophilic infiltrates and inferior semi-quantitative scores for renal alterations. This study supported evidence that preventive treatment of herbal formulation could enhance the influence in moderately avoiding experimental murine ascending UTI [52].
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in the renal pelvis: primary or secondary? Case report and literature review
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
An Tamsin, Charlotte Schillebeeckx, Charlotte Van Langenhove, Kathy Vander Eeckt, Dieter Ost, Kevin Wetzels
The multicystic structure showed irregular fibrous septa without inflammatory infiltrates (Figure 4). These septa were covered by a mucinous columnar epithelium, resembling intestinal foveolar epithelium. The cells were mainly single layered with pseudostratification and no or mild nuclear atypia (Figure 5). Focally, micropapillary fronds with bridging and atypical cribriform structures were formed (Figure 6). The cells contained round, hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei and eosinophilic, sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm. Many mitotic figures were present. The tumor cells were also multifocally infiltrating the surrounding stroma, forming some solid nests (Figure 7). Dystrophic calcifications were found. There was no necrosis and no vascular invasion, but cranial perirenal fat invasion was found. The ureteric section margin was negative for malignancy. The adjacent parenchyma showed changes of advanced chronic pyelonephritis and atrophy: sclerosis of glomeruli, medullocortical interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation. Monoclonal CEA staining was not contributive [3].
Surgical aspects of venous pelvic pain treatment
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
S. G. Gavrilov, O. I. Efremova
Aorto-mesenteric compression of the left renal vein (the nutcracker syndrome) is the top second anatomical cause of vein dilation and blood reflux in the left gonadal vein. This syndrome develops when the superior mesenteric artery extends inferiorly at an acute angle with the aorta, causing compression of the left renal vein, which results in the occurrence of left-sided renal phlebohypertension and, eventually, valvular incompetence and dilation of the gonadal and parametrial veins, i.e. PCS development. According to various authors, aorto-mesenteric compression of the left renal vein with pre-stenotic dilation of the vessel by more than 50% was found in 30–40% of studied patients, and the nutcracker syndrome is observed in 15–17% of patients with VPP10. According to White and Holdstock, in some cases duplex ultrasound angioscanning reveals pseudo-nutcracker syndrome caused by a siphon effect of left ovarian vein reflux, rather than true anatomical pathology11. Another syndrome to note is uretero-ovarian conflict, known as right gonadal vein syndrome (RGVS), which occurs due to compression of the right ureter by the dilated unilateral ovarian vein. RGVS was first described by Clark in 1964, who published an analysis of 129 such patients12. He suggested that, during pregnancy, the aberrant right gonadal vein can squeeze the ureter, causing symptoms of ureteral obstruction that persist after delivery. This leads to disruption of the normal passage of urine, the occurrence of signs of urinary infection and the development of chronic pyelonephritis.