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History and Consequences
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
The use of serum albumin as an indicator of nutritional status was first described by Blackburn and colleagues in 1977.14 Those investigators also discussed the use of serum transferrin and total iron-binding capacity as nutrition assessment tools. In 1996, Mears15 reported that serum prealbumin was a more sensitive indicator of nutrition status than serum albumin. At about the same time, Charney16 noted that the synthesis and degradation of hepatic proteins were significantly altered during critical illness, and that those factors made the use of these proteins as nutrition assessment indicators challenging at best. In 2004, Fuhrman et al.15 reported that hepatic proteins were correlated with severity of illness, morbidity and mortality, and were useful as prognostic indicators for the development of malnutrition, but not indicators of malnutrition per se or of the success of nutritional repletion.
Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Nutritional Anemia
Published in Anil Gupta, Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children, 2020
Transferrin saturation is the ratio between serum iron concentration and the total iron binding capacity of transferrin. It is presented as a percentage. Its reference value lies between 20% and 50%. It signifies the saturation ability of transferrin. Transferrin saturation level below 20% is indicative of a deficiency of iron in the body. The normal value of transferrin saturation is between 15% and 50% in males, and between 12% and 45% in females (Camaschella 2015).
The Physiology of β-Adrenergic Agonists: Maternal and Fetal Aspects
Published in Gabor Huszar, The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Uterus in Pregnancy and Labor, 2020
Kauppila et al.41 demonstrated a decrease in serum iron during ritodrine and isoxsu-prine administration. They suggest that 0-mimetics probably activate hematopoiesis, resulting in accelerated transport of iron into the recticuloendothelial cells. This idea is further supported by the finding of decreased levels of transferrin and total iron binding capacity during the infusions.
Addition of glomerular lesion severity improves the value of anemia status for the prediction of renal outcomes in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Lijun Zhao, Qianqian Han, Li Zhou, Lin Bai, Yiting Wang, Yucheng Wu, Honghong Ren, Yutong Zou, Shuangqing Li, Qiaoli Su, Huan Xu, Lin Li, Zhonglin Chai, Mark E. Cooper, Nanwei Tong, Jie Zhang, Fang Liu
Baseline demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), presence of diabetic retinopathy, 24-h proteinuria, and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade were collected from the electronic medical records at the time of renal biopsy. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula [15,16]. The Hb concentration was measured by the resistance method using System XE-2100. Serum ferritin was measured with an immunoradiometric assay. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured with a modified automated AAII-25 colorimetric method. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated as (iron/TIBC) × 100% [16]. During the follow-up period, patients attended follow-up appointments 2–4 times annually, depending on their clinical condition.
Levels of Serum Ferritin and Hepcidin in Patients with Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Hodeidah, Yemen: Considerations for Assessing Iron Status
Published in Hemoglobin, 2022
Amal A. Al-Azazi, Rashad Abdul-Ghani, Mona H. El-Sayad, Nadia A. Sadek, Hend A. El-Taweel
Iron homeostasis can be assessed by measuring iron indices, including serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin (FER). Measurement of serum iron indicates the iron level in the blood, whereas TIBC measures the blood capacity to bind iron with transferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein produced by the liver and controls the level of free iron in biological fluids [10]. Ferritin is the predominant iron storage protein in the bone marrow and tissues [11,12]. The discovery of hepcidin (HEPC), a peptide hormone synthesized principally by hepatocytes, as a key regulator of iron homeostasis represents a major advance in the understating of iron metabolism [13–16]. Hepcidin regulates iron metabolism by interacting with the transmembrane receptor, ferroportin. Its synthesis increases as a result of iron overload and inflammation but decreases as a result of erythropoiesis [16].
Kwashiorkor on the south shore
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Samuel T. Arcieri, Szeya Cheung, Alexander Belkin, Ajish Pillai, Ravi Gupta
Vital signs revealed an oral temperature of 98.0°F, BP 142/105 mmHg, heart rate 139 bpm, respiratory rate 30/min, saturating at 89% on room air, and a BMI of 20.1 kg/m2. Physical exam revealed altered mental status; cachexia with sunken orbits, poor oral hygiene, extensive abdominal distention, hypoactive bowel sounds, diffuse tenderness to palpation, and a positive fluid wave. There was no evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. 3+ pitting edema of the bilateral lower extremities was noted. Initial laboratory studies were significant for hemoglobin 10.0 g/dL, creatinine 1.5 mg/dL, lactic acid 4.4 mmol/L, HCO3 15 mEq/L, ammonia 65 µmol/L and albumin 1.8 g/dL; liver function tests were within normal limits, INR was 1.2. Subsequent iron studies revealed iron of 25 ug/dL, with a total iron binding capacity of 133 ug/dL, a ferritin of 75 ng/mL, and a percent saturation of 18.8%. The vitamin B12 level was 1447 pg/mL, and folate was 4.44 ng/mL. A CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis without contrast showed extensive abdominal and pelvic ascites along with bilateral infiltrates and consolidation of the right lower lung lobe. An abdominal ultrasound revealed a large amount of ascites and a lower extremity venous ultrasound demonstrated deep vein thromboses (DVT) Figure 1 in the common femoral veins bilaterally. A computer tomography angiogram (CTA) was negative for acute pulmonary embolism.