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Clinical Trials with Anti-p53 DNA, OL(1)p53, in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Published in Eric Wickstrom, Clinical Trials of Genetic Therapy with Antisense DNA and DNA Vectors, 2020
Significant changes from baseline during administration are described in Table 4 and significant changes from baseline to end of 28 days are described in Table 5. Patients with active disease may be responsible for the changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), platelet count, white blood cell count, eosinophils, and red blood cell distribution indicated in these two tables. The changes in albumin are consistent with liver toxicity indicated in Table 3 and deserve careful scrutiny. The decrease in serum uric acid is interesting in that one tends to anticipate an increase in serum uric acid as an indication of diminished renal function. Further, the additional nucleic acid in the oligonucleotide that is added to the blood stream would be expected to increase serum uric acid.
Hemolytic Anemias: General Considerations
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
2. Red cell indices. Most hemolytic anemias are characterized by a normal or slightly elevated erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The slight elevation usually reflects reticulocytosis. In contrast, hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias characteristically exhibit microcytosis, but can be distinguished from iron-deficient erythrocytes by a normal or near-normal mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Occasionally, patients with chronic intravascular hemolysis develop iron deficiency as a result of urinary hemoglobin loss.
The HbS Containing Cell
Published in Ronald L. Nagel, Genetically Abnormal Red Cells, 2019
Ronald L. Nagel, Mary E. Fabry
Bertles and Milner98 were the first to call attention to the subfraction of SS cells found at the bottom of the tube following ultracentrifugation of whole sickle blood. These authors established that these cells were low in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), high in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), had a lower proportion of HbF, had a shorter lifetime than any other red cell, and importantly, were not old, but mostly young cells. This last characteristic suggested that they were predestined to become ISCs by their internal composition. Bertles and Dobler128 found that these cells, which retained an elongated, boat shape irrespective of their oxygenation state, did not contain polymer in the fully oxygenated form, hence the name “irreversibly sickled” cells. Connected to this finding was the long held idea that their incapacity to change shape was due to a “rigid membrane”. Later on we will discuss why this concept might have been an overinterpretation.
Clinical features of anemia in membranous nephropathy patients: a Chinese cohort study
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Zhe Li, Weibo Le, Haitao Zhang, Dacheng Chen, Wencui Chen, Shuhua Zhu, Ke Zuo
The diagnostic criteria for anemia were defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <130 g/L in males and Hb <120 g/L in nonpregnant females [10]. The criteria for mild anemia were 110 g/L ≤ Hb < lower limit of the normal reference value, those for moderate anemia were 80 g/L ≤ Hb <110 g/L, and those for severe anemia were Hb <80 g/L [11]. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) level <27 pg and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) <320 g/L were required for microcytic hypochromic anemia. The criteria for normocytic anemia were 80 fL ≤ MCV ≤100 fL, 27 pg ≤ MCH ≤34 pg, and 320 g/L ≤ MCHC ≤360 g/L [12]. The criteria for complete correction of anemia were Hb ≥130 g/L in males and 120 g/L in nonpregnant females after anemia treatment. The criteria for standard anemia treatment were 110 g/L ≤ follow-up Hb < lower limit of the normal reference value. The criterion for nonstandard anemia treatment was follow-up Hb <110 g/L [10]. The criteria for complete remission (CR) of MN were 24-h urine protein content <0.3 g, serum albumin (Alb) >35 g/L and stable serum creatinine (sCr) for more than 6 months. The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [13]. Renal endpoint events were defined as eGFR reduction >30% within 2 years of follow-up or regular dialysis [14].
Toxic and bioaccumulative effects of zinc nanoparticle exposure to goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Hamed Ghafarifarsani, Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati, Morteza Yousefi, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Peyman Yarahmadi, Seyedeh Soraya Mahmoudi, Hien Van Doan
Red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) were counted using a Neubauer hemocytometer (Blaxhall and Daisley 1973). Hematocrit (Hct) was determined using the microhematocrit method and expressed as a percentage of packed cell volume. A commercial kit (Zistchem, Tehran, Iran) based on the cyanmethemo-globin method was used to obtain the contents of the blood hemoglobin. To count the differential number of leukocytes, blood smears were first prepared and air-dried. The samples were then fixed using methanol and stained with May–Giemsa solution. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were counted, and their number was expressed as a percentage of the total number of leukocytes (Blaxhall and Daisley 1973). The blood indices; including mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) were calculated as follows:
Potential value and impact of data mining and machine learning in clinical diagnostics
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2021
Maryam Saberi-Karimian, Zahra Khorasanchi, Hamideh Ghazizadeh, Maryam Tayefi, Sara Saffar, Gordon A. Ferns, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
A few studies have investigated the applications of data mining techniques to micronutrient deficiencies and electrolyte disorders (Table 5). Safaee et al. applied a data mining technique to evaluate the risk factors related to iron deficiency anemia among women with anemia. They showed that subjects with normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels along with low red blood cell (RBC) levels have a 90% probability of having iron deficiency anemia [81]. To determine factors highly associated with dysnatremia (an abnormal sodium concentration, including hypo- and hyper-natremia), Girardeau et al. applied a new data mining approach, phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) [82]. Based on serum sodium data from 5834 patients on admission, they identified new potential confounding factors associated with both dysnatremia and mortality.