China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
RAT α 2 -Macroglobulin and Related α-Macroglobulins in the Acute Phase Response
Published in Andrzej Mackiewicz, Irving Kushner, Heinz Baumann, Acute Phase Proteins, 2020
Both homologous and heterologous α2-M were found to promote leukopoiesis and erythropoiesis in lethally irradiated mice and significantly reduced the incidence of mortality.48 Graham et al.49 have suggested that this effect may be on the differentiation of lymphoreticular cells rather than on their proliferation. Human α2-M was also found to promote restoration of humoral responsiveness in sublethally irradiated mice.50 These in vivo studies strongly suggest that α2-M plays a key role in facilitating the maintenance of the lymphoreticular cell systems, but the molecular mechanisms of these activities remain unknown. This could be an organism-wide manifestation of specific proteinase inhibitor, or be due to the preservation of a small amount of an essential proteinase activity by protecting it from inactivation by other proteinases. The latter was suggested by Teodorescu and co-workers51 to be the source of polyclonal B-cell activator activity. In these studies, the polyclonal B-cell activator activity appeared to reside in α2-M complexed with a proteinase (showing serine proteinase esterase activity) produced by T-cells in close proximity to the B-cells.52
Developing and comparing models of hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome in Göttingen and Sinclair minipigs
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Melanie Doyle-Eisele, Jeremy Brower, Kenneth Aiello, Emily Ferranti, Michael Yaeger, Guodong Wu, Waylon Weber
Increasing threats of nuclear incidents and the everlasting danger of working in nuclear energy facilities have demonstrated the need for MCMs for radiation exposure. Currently, there are no completely effective MCMs or combination of MCMs for individuals exposed to potentially lethal amounts of radiation. The only current treatments approved by the FDA for irradiated individuals are LGF-based pharmaceuticals such as Neupogen®, Neulasta®, and Leukine® (Clark et al. 2005; Singh et al. 2018; US FDA 2018) which stimulates leukopoiesis after radiation exposure, increasing the likelihood of survival (MacVittie et al. 2012). Additional pharmaceuticals as effective as, or more effective than Neuopogen®, along with pharmaceuticals capable of addressing the thrombocytopenia and other vascular and coagulation dysfunctions contributing injury observed in radiation victims are needed to increase the survival rate of individuals exposed to lethal doses of radiation.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor downregulates interferon-gamma receptor expression and stimulates interleukin-6 production in activated human macrophages
Published in Growth Factors, 2019
V. I. Seledtsov, V. V. Malashchenko, M. E. Meniailo, N. D. Gazatova, G. V. Seledtsova
Leukopoiesis enhancement is a universal defense reaction of the immune system in response to infection and tissue injury, with G-CSF playing a key role in stimulating leukopoiesis and innate immunity. We hypothesized that G-CSF by virtue of autocrine and paracrine modulation of functional macrophage cell activity could be an important factor that regulates adaptive immunogenesis. Experimental evidence was obtained here in support of this notion, in that G-CSF was capable of exerting direct influence on the expression of functionally important molecules on Mphs, as well as on production of immunoregulatory cytokines by these cells, favoring M2 macrophage polarization.