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Bone Marrow Cell Counting: Methodological Issues
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Elizabeth J. Read, Charles S. Carter, Herbert M. Cullis
The leukocyte differential count is a quantitative classification of the leukocytes present in a given blood or bone marrow sample. For peripheral blood samples, the conventional method consists of making a blood smear on a glass slide, staining it with a Romanowsky-type stain, and then categorizing the cells on the basis of their morphology and staining characteristics under the light microscope.15 Automated differential counts have been available since the 1970s. Initially, these systems were based on automated pattern recognition of a stained blood smear, but current instruments are based on different technologies. Some devices, such as the Technicon, consist of a multiparameter flow cytometry system that measures properties such as light scatter, peroxidase staining characteristics, and nuclear lobularity. Other systems (e.g., Coulter, TOA, Ortho) report an automated leukocyte differential based on the leukocyte volume histogram. A thorough discussion of these systems may be found in Reference 20.
Medicine
Published in Seema Khan, Get Through, 2020
For each blood smear below, choose the SINGLE most likely diagnosis from the list of options. Each option may be used once, more than once or not at all. A 25-year-old woman presents with an enlarged, painless lymph node in the neck. She also reports fever and weight loss. Peripheral blood smear shows Reed – Sternberg cells with a bilobed, mirror-imaged nucleus.A 70-year-old man presents with bone pain, anaemia and renal failure. Bone marrow reveals an abundance of malignant plasma cells.A 10-year-old boy presents with swelling of the hands and feet, and anaemia. Peripheral blood smear reveals target cells and elongated crescent-shaped red blood cells.A 50-year-old man with type 1 diabetes presents with a ‘lemon’ tinge to the skin, itching, peripheral oedema, pleural effusions and anaemia. Peripheral blood smear reveals numerous Burr cells, red blood cells with spiny projections.A 65-year-old woman presents with anaemia. She has koilonychia and atrophic glossitis. A blood smear reveals microcytic, hypochromic blood cells.
The lymphoreticular system and bone marrow
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
This group of disorders comprises the anaemias (reduced haemoglobin), polycythaemia (increased haemoglobin), and a group of miscellaneous conditions resulting in the occurrence of red cell inclusions. The normal blood smear contains biconcave erythrocytes of uniform size and shape, measuring 7 μm in diameter (Figure 9.28). The normal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration is 13.5–17.5 g/dL for males and 11.5–15.5 g/dL for females.
Possible COVID-19 MRNA Vaccine-Induced Case of Unilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Agnes Takacs, Monika Ecsedy, Zoltan Zsolt Nagy
Among thromboembolic risk factors, varicosity of lower limb veins and smoking could be highlighted. Blood pressure was 139/87 mm Hg, and heart rate 76/min. Routine laboratory test showed normal qualitative and quantitative parameters of blood smear. Serum glucose, ion levels, hepatic and renal function were also within normal range. CRP and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) were also not elevated. Urine test did not show significant abnormality. Consultation with a hemato-immunologist excluded autoimmune origin of the symptoms. Serum antibodies specific for systemic autoimmune diseases showed low levels, within the normal range. INR, APTI, thrombin time fibrinogen and D-dimer levels were within normal limit. Serum prothrombin time was slightly reduced (9.1 sec, normally between 11.1 and 14.7 sec), and antithrombin activity was slightly elevated (123%, normally between 80 and 120%). Laboratory tests extended to thrombophilia were negative. Factor V Leiden and factor II prothrombin G20210A mutations were negative. Serum homocysteine level was slightly elevated (16.4 umol/l, normal range between 5.4 and 16.0 umol/l); however, these minimal defect was not indicative for treatment by the hematologists. A hemato-immunologist and an independent hematologist gave us two independent opinions, and they both described that medical examination in the direction of thrombophilia gave negative results, and there is no hemostaseologic treatment necessary.
Successful treatment of acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with eltrombopag and immunosuppressant
Published in Platelets, 2022
Hong Tian, Danqing Kong, Yun Li, Chengyuan Gu, Ziqiang Yu, Zhaoyue Wang, Depei Wu, Jie Yin
The other patient was a 16-year-old male with platelet count being 5 × 109 /L at the onset. He was initially refractory to dexamethasone and IVIG. Subsequently, he was hospitalized at our center for persistent hemorrhinia and hematuria on 26 April 2018. The blood smear showed normal cell morphology. A bone marrow biopsy showed a normocellular marrow, but no megakaryocytes were detected. The flow cytometry and karyotype of the marrow aspirate were normal. The patient did not carry MPL gene mutation. Additional testing revealed normal thyroid function and serological tests for virus were all negative. ANA testing revealed that anti-AMA antibody and anti-SSA antibody were positive, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for SLE. The MAIPA test showed that GPIb antibodies were positive. A CT scan of the chest showed no evidence of thymoma.
Assessment of genotoxic and pathologic potentials of fipronil insecticide in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Abdul Ghaffar, Riaz Hussain, Ghulam Abbas, Rahela Khan, Kashfa Akram, Hina Latif, Saman Ali, Sidra Baig, Xiaoxia Du, Ahrar Khan
Blood samples were collected into EDTA vacutainers, from each fish, at 3, 6 and 9 days of the experiment, using 26-gauge hypodermic needles (caudal venipuncture). Total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, total leukocyte counts, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts were determined soon after collection (Sarwar et al. 2019). For morphological and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes, thin blood smears were prepared from fresh blood collected without an anticoagulant. All the smears were air dried, fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa stain. Finally, each blood smear was observed under a light microscope using an oil immersion lens (Hussain et al. 2015, Hussain et al. 2019). The DNA damage was determined through quantification of whole DNA contents in the blood of fish using spectrophotometer (Qureshi et al. 2016).