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Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Investigations of specific amino acids have identified several amino acids involved in blood pressure regulation. These include branched chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, methionine, and the aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan. Of these amino acids, the most consistent evidence in the literature is from studies on dietary supplementation of arginine for lowering blood pressure. However, studies using dietary sources for arginine have not shown consistent results.
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
A number of humoral mechanisms contribute to blood pressure regulation; these are the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Other hormones, such as adrenaline, are released from adrenal glands and will have the effect of directly stimulating an increase in heart rate, contractility and vascular tone of the gut and skin. However, adrenaline will cause vasodilation of cardiac and skeletal arterioles.
The Renin-Angiotensin System
Published in Austin E. Doyle, Frederick A. O. Mendelsohn, Trefor O. Morgan, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects of Hypertension, 2020
Other roles proposed for angiotensin in the central nervous system, including control of the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and modulation of central neurotransmitter release and uptake, could all have relevance to blood pressure regulation. These are well covered in recent reviews.334,371,386
Genetic and stress influences on the prevalence of hypertension among hispanics/latinos in the hispanic community health study/study of latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Published in Blood Pressure, 2022
Liana K. Preudhomme, Marc D. Gellman, Nora Franceschini, Krista M. Perreira, Lindsay E. Fernández-Rhodes, Linda C. Gallo, Carmen R. Isasi, Sylvia Smoller, Sheila F. Castañeda, Martha Daviglus, Christina Hutten, Richard S. Cooper, Jianwen Cai, Neil Schneiderman, Maria M. Llabre
Gene-environment studies and studies comparing whether distinct risk factors differentially operate among minority populations are useful in helping to identify those with elevated risk from those with lower risk. Thus, providing the opportunity to identify better strategies to improve fidelity for treatment and control of hypertension, impacting disparities observed in hypertension for Hispanics/Latinos and other minority groups [4]. The International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms, single base-pair variations in a DNA sequence, associated with systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse blood pressure [4]. Sixteen novel loci involved with blood pressure regulation in persons of European descent were identified [4]. Few loci have been replicated among Hispanics/Latinos; however, recent GWAS have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and are generalisable to Hispanics/Latinos [5,6]. Although there is minimal genetic variability between populations, the expression of genes is highly dependent on the environment [7]. For example, an explanation for the observed is the distinct socio-cultural environments and intergenerational health effects of societal issues that work to affect gene expression and health differences rather than the small genetic variation that is observed between groups at the genetic level [7–9].
Left ventricular long-axis ultrasound strain (GLS) is an ideal indicator for patients with anti-hypertension treatment
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Tingting Wu, Lulu Zheng, Saidan Zhang, Lan Duan, Jing Ma, Lihuang Zha, Lingfang Li
Primary hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hypertensive heart disease and heart failure are serious consequences of damage to important target organs by hypertension. Therefore, early treatment of hypertension is particularly important to prevent the occurrence and development of heart failure (1). Blood pressure regulation is a complex pathophysiological process, which is related to many factors such as sympathetic nerve excitation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (2). In the early stage, the body maintained normal pump function of the heart through neurohumoral regulation. However, long-term hypertension can cause a sustained increase in left ventricular load, which result in an increase in left ventricular filling pressure. In order to maintain normal cardiac function, the myocardial cells compensate for contraction and thicken the wall. This is left ventricular hypertrophy or ventricular remodeling (3). Previous studies have shown that left ventricular diastolic reduction (diastolic function) is earlier than the changes in left ventricular morphology and systolic function in early hypertension (4). Therefore, the treatment and follow-up evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in early hypertension is an important issue for clinical and scientific research.
Fumarate exerted an antihypertensive effect and reduced kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 expression in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2021
Osaze Edosuyi, Myung Choi, Ighodaro Igbe, Adebayo Oyekan
Sodium excretion is intimately linked to urine volume and both parameters are essential to fluid homeostasis and by extension, blood pressure regulation. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected once weekly and assayed for sodium content. Figure 2a illustrates that sodium excretion in DOCA rats was highest on day 7 with gradual reductions on days 14 and 21 when compared to control rats (p< .001, n = 8). Urine output in rats treated with DOCA-salt increased and peaked on day 14 when compared to control rats (p< .001, n = 8) (Figure 2b). Aside day 7, urine volumes and sodium excretion in DOCA-sat rats treated with fumarate (n = 8) were not different throughout the duration of the study. The data from this study suggest that the antihypertensive effect of fumarate may not involve diuresis and effects of kidney excretory function.