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Lupus Anticoagulants: Characteristics, Methods of Laboratory Detection and Some Clinical Associations
Published in E. Nigel Harris, Thomas Exner, Graham R. V. Hughes, Ronald A. Asherson, Phospholipid-Binding Antibodies, 2020
Thomas Exner, Douglas Triplett
Blood clotting tests are normally used as indicators of a patient’s tendency to bleed. The intricate biochemical processes involved are slowed down when a coagulation factor is deficient and the blood takes longer to clot than normal either in a tube or at a wound site. There are at least two known exceptions to this rule. First, deficiencies of “contact” factors, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen and factor XII do not cause bleeding in affected patients perhaps because this part of the clotting mechanism may not be physiologically important.1 Second, there are lupus anticoagulants (LA). The reason LA do not cause bleeding may be that at sites of injury platelets release significant amounts of procoagulant phospholipid which correct for2 or bypass3 LA, thereby shortening the clotting time to near normal.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
Arthur A. Sasahara, Giuseppe Cella, Antonio Palla, G. V. R. K. Sharma
In recent years, the subcutaneous route of administering heparin has become more popular, particularly in the clinical situation where an intravenous line is difficult to place or where constant surveillance of an intravenous setup is difficult to accomplish. Though heparin activity control is more difficult because of the vagaries of subcutaneous absorption of heparin, effective anticoagulation can usually be carried out by administering the projected total daily dose in divided doses every 12 h. In most patients, 12,000 to 14,000 IU subcutaneously every 12 h suffices. Blood clotting tests should be performed at the midpoint (sixth hour) after beginning therapy. Appropriate adjustment should be made based upon the value of the clotting test.
NOT A WOLF
Published in Rob Norman, The Woman Who Lost Her Skin, 2004
"How long have these been there?" I asked. "A couple of years. But now they are getting worse." In addition, she had a red, raised rash that spread across her cheeks, the bridge of her nose, and above her eyes. I looked over the history section in her chart for medications. None were listed. "So you don't take any prescription or other medications?" "Nope. Just a bunch of aspirin or whatever I can afford because my bones ache." I had my suspicions and now I had to put them to the test. I performed a small punch biopsy of one of the lesions. I ordered a full blood count to detect anemia, low platelets or low white bloodcells; creatinine and electrolytes to measure the salts in the blood and kidney function; a urinalysis to measure protein and bloodcells in urine or to identify `casts' (blobs of protein escaped from the bloodstream because the kidneys are leaky), and blood clotting tests, liver function tests, and an ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) - a marker of non-specific inflammation, and the CRP (Creactive protein) - another inflammatory marker, and an Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) test. As the results rolled in and I gathered more facts, the diagnostic picture cleared. The CRP was normal and the ANA was positive. Along with the results of the biopsy, the
Low accuracy of microscopic hematuria in detecting coagulopathy from Bothrops pit viper bites, Brazilian Amazon
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Jose Diego de Brito Sousa, Sâmella Silva de Oliveira, Jacqueline Sachett, Hui Wen Fan, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
Bedside whole-blood clotting tests, such as the 20-minute whole-blood clotting test (WBCT20) [4] and the Lee-White clotting time (LWCT) [2], have been used as inexpensive methods to detect venom-induced coagulopathy. However, their reliability in the clinical routine is still a matter of debate due to difficulties of interpretation and interval to result. There is an unmet need for simple diagnostic tests that can accurately and promptly diagnose venom-induced coagulopathy. A recent study has shown microscopic hematuria in 60% of the Bothrops snakebites in the Amazon [5]. Since this estimate is similar to venom-induced coagulopathy frequency, the present study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the microscopic hematuria in detecting coagulopathy from Bothrops envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Swim exercise inhibits hemostatic abnormalities in a rat model of obesity and insulin resistance
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Mohammad Dallak, Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah, Hussein F. Sakr, Bahjat Al-Ani, Mohamed A. Haidara
The link between obesity and thrombosis is well-established (Sakr et al.2014, McLendon and Attia 2017). To investigate the effects of swimming exercises on improving the hemostatic activities, we measured the bleeding and clotting time, PT, and aPTT in the blood of all animal groups. HCFD significantly (p < .05) reduced all the above-measured blood clotting tests compared to controls (Figure 3(A–D)). Whereas, swim exercise significantly (p < .05) prolonged the time of these clotting tests compared to the model group; however, the effect of swim exercise was incomparable to controls as the time of the blood clotting tests stayed significantly (p < .05) lower than controls (Figure 3(A–D)).
Comparison of bedside clotting tests for detecting venom-induced consumption coagulopathy following Sri Lankan viper envenoming
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Supun Wedasingha, Anjana Silva, Sisira Siribaddana, Kanishka Seneviratne, Geoffrey K. Isbister
Three capillary blood clotting tests were performed on admission - the capillary blood clotting test time (CBCT-t), the 5-minute capillary blood clotting test (CBCT-5) and the 10-minute capillary blood clotting test (CBCT-10) (Figure 3). For each test, a finger was pricked and 1 to 1.5 cm of blood was drawn up a fresh capillary tube and then placed in a horizontal position.