China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure from Left Heart Disease
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Anjan Tibrewala, Jonathan D. Rich
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is categorized into five groups as designated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure (HF) is categorized into WHO Group 2 PH.1,2 The etiology of WHO Group 2 PH may occur under any of the following conditions: (i) heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), (ii) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), (iii) valvular heart disease, and/or (iv) congenital/acquired cardiovascular conditions that result in an elevation in left-sided pressures.1
Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Stephen T. Sinatra, Sara Gottfried
DD is one of the most poorly understood pathological situations affecting both men and women, and a key predisposing factor leading to systolic and eventually global left ventricular dysfunction. Most patients, women more than men, with DD have normal or near-normal left ventricular ejection fractions.45,46 Many of these patients experience the same signs and symptoms as patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Symptomatic suffering and unacceptable quality of life are reported in many of these patients.47,48 Overall, the prevalence of DD is increasing,49 and associated with 3.5-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events or mortality.50
Heart failure
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Based on ejection fraction measurements obtained from echocardiography, heart failure has been classified into two subtypes. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; previously ‘systolic') has an ejection fraction (EF) of 40% or less.4 Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; previously ‘diastolic') is the term used for the clinical features of heart failure in individuals with an EF of 50% or more plus evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.5 People with clinical evidence of heart failure but with an EF of 40–49% are something of a grey area. To some degree, both systolic and diastolic dysfunction probably co-exist in many people with heart failure.
Outcomes of surgical Impella placement in acute cardiogenic shock
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Timothy J. George, Jenelle Sheasby, J. Michael DiMaio, Nitin Kabra, David A. Rawitscher, Aasim Afzal
Patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory values, measures of acuity, operative data, and outcomes were extracted from the electronic medical record. Patients were broadly classified into three etiologies for cardiogenic shock. The first etiology was AMI complicated by shock. These patients had clinical, angiographic, and laboratory-confirmed evidence of myocardial injury in the setting of compromised end-organ perfusion. The second was acute on chronic heart failure. These patients had a history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who presented with a combination of heart failure exacerbation and compromised end-organ perfusion. The third was postcardiotomy shock. This group comprised patients with compromised end-organ perfusion within 48 hours of cardiac surgery. There was one patient who had refractory ventricular tachycardia who was not easily grouped into any of the three categories.
The relationship between six-minute walked distance and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure
Published in Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal, 2022
Charlotta Lans, Åsa Cider, Eva Nylander, Lars Brudin
In all studies on training in heart failure some patient selection would be inevitable e.g. the ability and willingness to participate may exclude the most symptomatic patients. We also excluded several comorbidities, which also would tend to select a better performing population, than the unselected heart failure population in clinical practice. On the other hand, this would make it possible to analyze the training effect with less confounders. Doherty et al. [30] showed that patients with HF and comorbidities, walked 42 m shorter than patients with less comorbidity. Among the inclusion criteria were being in NYHA class II or III. This might seem contradictory to the achieved walking distance of 92% of reference as a median value, but the NYHA classification is by its nature subjective, and takes other aspects than the pure physical ability to walk a certain distance into account. This study included patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Although patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction would also have been interesting to study, with the limited number of patients that was possible to train and evaluate simultaneously, we decided that this would not be possible within the framework of one study.
Optimal cardiovascular medical therapy: current guidelines and new developments
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Shirley Cotty Reed, Nikita Dhir, R. Jay Widmer
AHA/ACC guidelines recommend the use of beta-blockers for all patients with ACS, prior MI, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <40%). They may also be considered as chronic therapy for secondary prevention in patients with CAD or compensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Caution is advised with use in patients with known peripheral vascular disease given potential worsening of symptoms of intermittent claudication, particularly in patients with severe disease. Beta-blockers recommended for those with reduced ejection fraction include carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol given their mortality benefits demonstrated in trials such as MERIT-HF (Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure), CIBIS-II (Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II), and the US Carvedilol Heart Failure Program. AHA/ACC adds that treatment should be started and continued for 3 years.2