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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and NO from Flax Intervention in Atherosclerosis and Chronic Systemic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The range of CRP in milligrams per liter of blood in adults and their clinical significance are as follows (52): A high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) test can detect levels below 10.0 mg/L. This kind of test is performed primarily to determine a person’s risk for heart disease. hs-CRP ranges in milligrams per liter of blood and heart disease risk (52): CRP, an acute inflammatory protein that increases up to 1,000-fold at sites of infection or inflammation, is synthesized primarily in liver hepatocytes but also by smooth muscle cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes and adipocytes. (39) Some reports find CRP useful in evaluating the benefits of flaxseed and flax oil as an outcome measure in flaxseed or flax oil supplementation, while others find it limited to specific clinical populations. For instance:
Heart Disease
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, comprises a range of conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, coronary or valvular heart disease, arrythmias, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart defects. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the U.S. The most common cause of heart disease is coronary artery disease, which is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease also comprises the most common cause of cardiovascular disability. Specific treatment is contingent on the type of heart disease diagnosed.
Animal healers
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
Heart disease has three phases: (i) the presence of risk factors; (ii) the onset of the illness that requires medical intervention; (iii) the aftermath. Animals may play a positive role at all three phases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) can occur when fatty deposits accumulate and cause narrowing of the coronary arteries: alongside hypertension, CVD is the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. Some of the risk factors for heart disease can be brought under control by lifestyle changes such as diet and physical exercise. As discussed in Chapter 2 and as evident in the large-scale surveys from Europe (Maugeri et al., 2019) and the USA (Krittanawong et al., 2020) dog ownership can have benefits for physical and psychological health by reducing stress and encouraging exercise.
Comorbid conditions as predictors of mortality in severe COPD – an eight-year follow-up cohort study
Published in European Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2023
Gabriella Eliasson, Christer Janson, Gunnar Johansson, Kjell Larsson, Anders Lindén, Claes-Göran Löfdahl, Thomas Sandström, Josefin Sundh
At baseline, information was collected by the responsible physician from history and medical record review on sex, age, smoking history, body weight and height, current pharmacological treatment, number of exacerbations the recent year, the phenotype of chronic bronchitis and comorbid conditions in terms of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, impaired kidney function, malnutrition, musculoskeletal symptoms, osteoporosis or depression. An exacerbation was defined as worsening of symptoms of dyspnea and sputum beyond normal day-to-day variation, requiring increased maintenance treatment, courses of antibiotics or oral steroids or an emergency visit or hospitalization [22]. The phenotype of chronic bronchitis was defined as productive cough of more than three months occurring within the span of two years [2]. All the comorbid conditions were defined as recorded doctor´s diagnoses with ongoing in need of pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment. Cardiovascular disease included any of the diagnoses of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation or flutter or cerebrovascular disease. Impaired kidney function denoted chronical renal impairment and not transient renal failure with normalized kidney function. Musculoskeletal problems included any condition with symptoms of muscle weakness, pain or joint diseases including rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis as well as arthrosis.
Determinants of self-rated health among elderly patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis based on the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Yang Zhou, Yanjing Huang, Aohua Zhang, Guige Yin, Hongjuan Hu
Hypertension with other comorbidity was another factor affecting the SRH of elderly hypertensive patients in the current study. Elderly patients who had hypertension complicated with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or hyperlipidemia, had poorer health status. It could be assumed that comorbidities with hypertension increased the incidence and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease (55,56). Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for stroke (57). Studies have shown that new strokes and recurrent strokes were significantly increased in patients with hypertension and diabetes (58). The recurrence rate of stroke was significantly increased (59) and hospital admissions more than doubled in patients with hypertension and stroke (60). High blood pressure and heart disease can eventually lead to heart failure. Wang et al (60) investigated 11 695 study participants and found that compared with patients with only hypertension or only hyperlipidemia, patients with hypertension and hyperlipidemia had a higher risk of ischemic stroke. The results showed that 3% of the overall risk of ischemic stroke was due to the synergy between hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of comorbidities in hypertensive patients, prevent and control risk factors for cardiovascular disease, promote physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, and reduce their medical burden.
Drug loaded implantable devices to treat cardiovascular disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Masoud Adhami, Niamh K. Martin, Ciara Maguire, Aaron J. Courtenay, Ryan F. Donnelly, Juan Domínguez-Robles, Eneko Larrañeta
Cardiac patches have been described as an effective way to provide cardiac regeneration in the treatment of heart disease. This is especially important because ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability globally. This is especially important considering the limited regeneration capability of cardiomyocytes. These patches can be used to stimulate cardiac tissue regeneration. The majority of the work in this area is focused on cell-laden cardiac patches for regenerative medicine. This review is focused on drug-eluting devices, and therefore cardiac patches loaded with active molecules have been described. Most of these patches are loaded with bioactive molecules such as growth factors, extracellular vesicles, or microRNAs. The stability of these bioactive cargos is limited, as opposed to the small therapeutic molecules used for DES and vascular grafts. Additionally, manufacturing could be challenging as the structure of these devices requires the assembly of many layers and incorporates the complexities associated with biologics. These devices have the potential to revolutionize heart disease treatment, but there are still many aspects to be addressed. Implantation of this type of devices often requires risky and invasive open-chest surgery. However, multiple advances are being developed in this area to develop surgical procedures allowing the implantation of this type of devices in a minimally invasive way.