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Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Deena Altschwager, McGreggor Crowley
Less common side effects of treatment include typhlitis, tumor lysis syndrome, and veno-occlusive disease. Typhlitis is ileocecal inflammation that generally occurs in neutropenic patients approximately 3 weeks after cytotoxic chemotherapy, when neutropenia is the most profound. Patients experience fever, cramping, abdominal distention, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Treatment of typhlitis often involves bowel rest, nasogastric suction, and the need for PN until symptoms resolve.
Intra-Abdominal Infections
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Neutropaenic enterocolitis is also known as typhlitis and is seen in neutropaenic patients. It is characterized by severe colitis with bleeding which can progress to necrosis. Typhlitis should be suspected in patients with fever and abdominal pain. Imaging can show bowel thickening and pneumatosis intestinalis, which is the presence of gas in the mucous lining of the small or large intestine.
Febrile Neutropenia in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Perrine Parize, Anne Pouvaret, Paul-Louis Woerther, Frédéric Pène, Olivier Lortholary
The management of typhlitis or perianal cellulitis requires a broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy active on anaerobes, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An empiric treatment against Candida spp. should also be added in absence of clinical improvement. The main differential diagnosis of typhlitis is Clostridium difficile colitis, and a search for C. difficile toxin in stool should be systematic [39].
Supportive care in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia:Expert-based recommendations of the NOPHO-DB-SHIP consortium
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Nira Arad-Cohen, Bernward Zeller, Jonas Abrahamsson, Jose Maria Fernandez Navarro, Daniel Cheuk, Sauli Palmu, Vitor Costa, Barbara De Moerloose, Henrik Hasle, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Cornelis Jan Pronk, Ólafur Gísli Jónsson, Zhanna Kovalova, Birgitte Lausen, Monica Munthe-Kaas, Ulrika Noren-Nyström, Josefine Palle, Ramune Pasauliene, Kadri Saks, Gertjan JL Kaspers
There is no consensus regarding enteral feedings during typhlitis, but most surgeons tend to recommend withholding oral nutrition during the first 24–48 hours. Surgery is reserved for highly selected situations such as bowel perforation or massive gastrointestinal bleeding. In any case, it is recommended that a surgeon be involved in managing patients with typhlitis [67].
Typhlitis as a complication of influenza in a patient with advanced HIV infection
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2018
Bernardino Roca, Pilar Fernandez, Manuel Roca
Typhlitis consists of a severe inflammation of the cecum. The condition usually affects patients receiving intensive chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer, but can also affect patients with other immunedeficiencies. The process has also been called neutropenic enterocolitis, necrotizing colitis, ileocecal syndrome, or cecitis [1].