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Malrotation
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Simon Blackburn, Joseph I. Curry, Bhanumathi Lakshminarayanan
Our recently reported experience of 65 cases (Table 35.1) shows a 6% rate of redo surgery, with all of these cases within the early part of the experience. Some surgeons perform a cecopexy at a laparoscopic procedure to promote adhesions to the cecum with the intention of preventing recurrent volvulus, although this is not routinely practiced. The technically challenging nature of the laparosopic approach is associated with a high conversion rate of at least 15%, which is higher both in younger infants and in those with volvulus.
Laparoscopic Ileocecal Resection
Published in Haribhakti Sanjiv, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, 2020
The cecum and the ascending colon is the area where most of the water and remaining bile salts are absorbed from the luminal contents. The capacity of this area to absorb water content is so great that the luminal contents in terminal ileum are exclusively liquid, while contents in the transverse colon are almost semisolid. Microbiota of the cecum and ascending colon also produce short-chain fatty acids – nutrients to the mucosal cells of the colon.
The Digestive (Gastrointestinal) System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
After one to six hours in the small intestine, the chyme passes through the ileocecal valve into the cecum, the first part of the large intestine. Here the process of water and salt removal begins, converting liquid waste into feces. The large intestine, which frames the longer, but more compact, small intestine, consists of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The appendix extends from two to six inches out from the side of the cecum, but it serves no known active role in the digestive process in humans. The terminal portions of the large intestines are the rectum, anal canal, and anus.
Potential applications of drug delivery technologies against radiation enteritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Dongdong Liu, Meng Wei, Wenrui Yan, Hua Xie, Yingbao Sun, Bochuan Yuan, Yiguang Jin
The gastrointestinal tract is a complex system composed of different specialized organs whose functions include the digestion of food and the absorption of water, electrolytes, and nutrients [27]. The gut, including the large intestine and the small intestine, starts from the bottom of the stomach pylorus to the anus at the lower end. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive canal and an important organ with some endocrine functions for digestion and absorption [28]. The large intestine is located in the lower part of the digestive tube, which mainly includes the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, and anal canal. The functions of the large intestine involve the absorption of water, vitamins, and inorganic salts, and the conversion of the food residues into feces for discharge from the body [29]. There are many tiny villus and crypts where stem cells are located on the surface of the mucosa of intestine, colon, and rectum. The intestinal tract is one of the tissues with the fastest renewal rate in the human body [30]. Epithelial cells of the small intestine are completely renewed for every 3–6 days, and the mucosal cells of the colon are completely renewed for every 4–8 days [31]. Therefore, the gut is so sensitive to the IR that it belongs to a highly radiation-sensitive tissue [32]. According to the different locations in the gut, RE can be categorized into radiation intestines, radiation colitis, and radiation proctitis (Figure 1) [33–35]. Therefore, pH changes and residence time along the whole gastrointestinal tract are the main points to consider for an effective drug delivery to the gut for the treatment and prevention of RE.
The treatment efficacy of three-layered functional polymer materials as drug carrier for orthotopic colon cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Zhuo Liu, Dongxin Wang, Qian Cao, Jiannan Li
Balb/C mice (male, 20 g) were anesthetized via isoflurane inhalation, and then their abdominal cavities were opened through median incision. The cecum was located in the left lower abdomen and dragged out of the incision. Afterward, the colon cancer cells CT26 (1 × 106) suspended in 50 μL of 0.9% saline water were injected into the subserous layer of the blood-rich area of the colon within 30 s, and a small cotton ball was used to compress the needle for 1 min. The cecum was carefully reset, and the abdominal cavity was closed. Mice were kept in plastic cages with ventilation and controlled temperature and humidity.
Removal of the cecum affects intestinal fermentation, enteric bacterial community structure, and acute colitis in mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2018
Kirsty Brown, D. Wade Abbott, Richard R. E. Uwiera, G. Douglas Inglis
THE CECUM is an intraperitoneal pouch located at the most cranial aspect of the large intestine. While the function of the cecum is not fully understood, it is thought to play a role in production of short chain fatty acids in many mammals,1 and it has been proposed to serve as a reservoir of anaerobic bacteria that populate the colon. The composition of the bacterial community that colonizes intestines are thought to be critical in mitigating responses to infection,2 yet mechanisms of this ‘colonization resistance’ are enigmatic at present.