China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The patient with acute gastrointestinal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Rebecca Maindonald, Adrian Jugdoyal
There are two types of movements in the small intestine: firstly, segmentations, which are localized contractions that occur in areas distended by chyme and mix the chyme and enzymes together. Secondly, this process is followed by peristalsis, whereby chyme is moved forward as a result of waves of muscular contractions. In total, the chyme is present in the small intestine for between 3 and 5 hours. The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine. It has longer villi than the duodenum to provide an increased surface area from which to absorb nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and vitamins. The section following the jejunum is the ileum, whose function is to absorb Vitamin B12, bile salts and other substances not taken up by the jejunum.
Laparoscopic Ileocecal Resection
Published in Haribhakti Sanjiv, Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, 2020
Physiologically, the terminal ileum is an important area for absorption. It absorbs unused bile acids back, and it is the area of absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and vitamin B12. The ileocecal valve halts the stream of enteric contents a while for final nutrient absorption by the small intestine. This function is especially important in patients with compromised bowel lengths.
Urinary Diversion
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Véronique Phé, Gilles Karsenty
Blood supply is based on the superior mesenteric artery (jejunal and ileal branches). After transection, the left ureter is brought under the sigmoid colon through the sigmoid mesentery to the right side. About 20 cm from the ileocecal valve, a 10 cm segment of ileum is selected and transected. The disconnected ileal segment is placed inferior to the remaining bowel segments. The bowel is reanastomosed, then ureteroileal anastomoses are performed either separately (Bricker) or co-joined (Wallace technique) at the proximal end of the loop. The final step is the creation of the stoma (Figure 33.6).
Fecal calprotectin as an indicator in risk stratification of pouchitis following ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Rui-Bin Li, Chun-Qiang Li, Shi-Yao Zhang, Kai-Yu Li, Zhi-Cheng Zhao, Gang Liu
Pouchitis is a nonspecific inflammatory disease of the ileal pouch. The main diseases that require IPAA are familial adenomatous polyposis and UC [8]. Patients with UC are more likely to develop pouchitis than are patients with familial adenomatous polyposis [9], and the reason may be related to the abnormal autoimmune status of patients with UC. The main inflammatory indicators reflecting the inflammatory status in patients with UC include the WBC count, CRP concentration, ESR, and FC concentration [10,11]. The blood inflammatory indicators in this study included the WBC count, neutrophil percentage, CRP concentration, and ESR. It is evident that the CRP concentration and ESR are more valuable than the WBC count. Matalon et al. [12] evaluated 71 patients with UC who developed pouchitis and found that the CRP concentration was significantly correlated with the PDAI score (r = 0.584, p < 0.001). Lu et al. [13] obtained a similar result.
Segmental Dilatation of Ileum Involving Bronchogenic Cyst in a Newborn
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Özkan Okur, Malik Ergin, Akgun Oral, Munevver Hosgor
In previous studies, microscopic examinations detected ectopic tissue within the SID, including tissue from the esophagus, stomach, or pancreas [10]. We found a 3 cm bronchogenic cyst centered on the mesenteric border of the dilated intestine which has not been previously described. Ciliated foregut cysts are less common and mostly originate from the esophagus or respiratory tract [15]. It is not surprising that ectopic tissue from the respiratory tract has been found in parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, ciliated epithelium in the primitive mid- and hindgut is infrequent in the literature. Killpack describes a similar cystic duplication to the one presented here [16]. Otter et al describe a cystic duplication of the ileum about one meter from the ileocaecal valve, which contained parts of ciliated epithelium together with the typical mucosa of the stomach [17]. The presence of bronchogenic cysts in the abdomen is an uncommon condition and has never been detected in the intestinal lumen before [15]. In present case; the dilated segment extended more distally than the bronchogenic cyst, and is not the cause of the dilatation/obstruction. This is clearly demonstrated in Figure 3. It has been reported that bronchogenic cysts may occur in the mediastinum, lung, heart, stomach and retroperitoneum [18]. Bronchogenic cyst located in the ileal mesentery was detected once in pediatrics, although it has been described as a few cases in adults [15,18,19].
Kidney microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Xin-Yu Liu, Jing Li, Yamei Zhang, Luyun Fan, Yanli Xia, Yongyang Wu, Junru Chen, Xinyu Zhao, Qiannan Gao, Bing Xu, Chunlai Nie, Zhengyu Li, Aiping Tong, Wenjie Wang, Jun Cai
Bacteria within the kidneys were identified in paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue sections. The ileum segment of intestinal tissues was examined as previously reported.77 As pathological changes have been detected in the small intestine of SHRs,24 the ileum of the intestine was found to be suitable for assessing intestinal changes. Paraffin-embedded tissues were deparaffinized and hybridized to a universal bacterial probe (EUB338:5′-GCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGT-3′), control probe (non-EUB838:5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGC-3′), or a probe specific for S. aureus with the sequence 5′-GAAGCAAGCTTCTCGTCCG-3′. All probes were labeled with the Cy5 fluorophore and obtained from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hybridization was performed overnight at 56°C, followed by washing and counterstaining with the nuclear dye,2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI). FISH and immunofluorescence staining were performed on slides first stained with a bacterial FISH probe. Slides were washed thrice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin for 30 min, and incubated with anti-sIgA antibody (Abcam, ab17921) in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight. The slides were incubated with fluorescent-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 30 min after washing thrice with PBS. The tissues were washed thrice with PBS and counterstained with DAPI.