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Esophageal replacement with jejunal interposition
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
The jejunum is ideally suited for esophageal replacement, because it maintains good isoperistalsis and has a growth rate similar to that of the normal esophagus. In contrast to other techniques, there is little or no reflux and there are no pulmonary sequelae.
The patient with acute gastrointestinal problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Rebecca Maindonald, Adrian Jugdoyal
There are two types of movements in the small intestine: firstly, segmentations, which are localized contractions that occur in areas distended by chyme and mix the chyme and enzymes together. Secondly, this process is followed by peristalsis, whereby chyme is moved forward as a result of waves of muscular contractions. In total, the chyme is present in the small intestine for between 3 and 5 hours. The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine. It has longer villi than the duodenum to provide an increased surface area from which to absorb nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and vitamins. The section following the jejunum is the ileum, whose function is to absorb Vitamin B12, bile salts and other substances not taken up by the jejunum.
Urinary Diversion
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Véronique Phé, Gilles Karsenty
Blood supply is based on the superior mesenteric artery (jejunal and ileal branches). After transection, the left ureter is brought under the sigmoid colon through the sigmoid mesentery to the right side. About 20 cm from the ileocecal valve, a 10 cm segment of ileum is selected and transected. The disconnected ileal segment is placed inferior to the remaining bowel segments. The bowel is reanastomosed, then ureteroileal anastomoses are performed either separately (Bricker) or co-joined (Wallace technique) at the proximal end of the loop. The final step is the creation of the stoma (Figure 33.6).
Investigating the attenuating effect of telmisartan against radiation-induced intestinal injury using 18F-FDG micro-PET imaging
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Masoomeh Fooladi, Alireza Shirazi, Peyman Sheikhzadeh, Mahsa Amirrashedi, Fatemeh Ghahramani, Mohsen Cheki, Mehdi Khoobi
Most of the previous studies have investigated the effects of different radioprotector agents against radiation-induced intestinal injuries based on sampling and histology tests of the jejunum (Bhanja et al. 2009; Ghosh et al. 2012; Singh et al. 2012; Li et al. 2013; Bing et al. 2014; Dutta et al. 2015; Khan et al. 2015; Sharma et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2017; Khayyal et al. 2019). The lining of the jejunum is considered as a classic example of a self-renewal system (Hall and Giaccia 2006). In this study, the jejunum segment of the small intestine was also used for histological examination. The animals were euthanized at 9 and 30 days after irradiation and harvested tissue (jejunum) was fixed in the 10% neutral-buffered formalin (pH = 7.26) for 48 h, then processed and embedded in paraffin wax according to the standard procedures (Gao et al. 2012; Khan et al. 2015; Wei et al. 2019). Tissue sections (section number = 2 and section thickness = 5 µm) were prepared and stained with heamtoxylin and eosin (H&E) dye.
Coptisine modulates the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol by targeting CYP1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 in the liver and P-gp in the jejunum of rats: a pilot study
Published in Xenobiotica, 2023
Si-cong Li, Min Zhang, Bin Wang, Xu-ting Li, Ge Liang
Tissue samples obtained from the middle jejunum were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. For this purpose, 5 µm paraffin tissue sections were prepared and mounted on APES-coated slides. The sections were then deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated using graded ethanol. Antigen retrieval was carried out by heating the sections in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Next, endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked using 3% (v/v) H2O2 for 10 min at room temperature. To prevent non-specific protein binding, normal goat serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was applied and allowed to incubate for 20 min at room temperature. A primary antibody specific to P-gp was used at a dilution of 1:250, with overnight incubation at 4 °C. The same primary antibody used in the western blot analysis was utilised. Negative control was also included, where the primary antibody was replaced with phosphate-buffered saline. The secondary antibody used was HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (1:100; GB23303; Servicebio, Wuhan, China), which was allowed to incubate at 37 °C for 30 min. DAB was used as the chromogen to visualise P-gp immunoreactivity in accordance with the supplier’s instructions. Finally, the sections were counterstained with haematoxylin, dehydrated, and cleared with xylene before being coated with neutral balsam.
Prolonged oral antimicrobial administration prevents doxorubicin-induced loss of active intestinal stem cells
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Breanna J Sheahan, Casey M Theriot, Jocsa E. Cortes, Christopher M Dekaney
We hypothesized that the microbiota present at the time of injection would be the most influential on the aISCs, as these cells are expulsed from the crypt base as early as 24 hours after DXR injection.6 Therefore, we focused on the influence of AMBx treatment in the jejunum. We compared the differential expression of OTUs between non-AMBx and AMBx mice, without the confounding influence of DXR (Figure 6d). Several OTUs were significantly decreased in the AMBx mice, as expected with reduced species diversity (Figure 6d) and similar to that observed when comparing the two DXR treated groups (Supplemental Figure 3c). Significantly increased OTUs in AMBx mice without DXR’s influence were identified in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla, specificially genera Burkholderia and Ureaplasma (Figure 6d). These two genera were also increased in jejunal contents of AMBx mice 3 days after DXR administration (Supplemental Figure 3a). As these genera were identified in both groups of AMBx mice, and given that only AMBx treated mice retain aISCs after DXR, we suggest that these bacteria may have a pro-survival influence on aISCs. Future studies examining the potential influence of these taxa may illuminate therapeutic targets for enhancing aISC survival after injury.