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Fucoidan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ellya Sinurat, Dina Fransiska, Nurhayati, Hari Eko Irianto
In general, stomach ulcers cause inflammatory damage to the mucosa. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 have a pathogenic role in either the immediate inflammatory response or the severity of gastric ulcers (Suheryani et al., 2017). The findings revealed that different doses of KF significantly lowered serum levels of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6. In contrast, anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 was raised in all Kjellmaniella crassifolia (KF)–treated groups, similar to Li et al.’s findings (Li & Ye, 2015). These studies showed that KF’s stomach anti-inflammatory actions were linked to inhibiting the inflammatory response (Hu et al., 2020).
Genetic testing for personalised medicine and limitations of the current medical practise in public health
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Many diseases are caused by infectious microorganisms, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) which has a high correlation with the development of nasopharyngeal cancer (Hau et al., 2020), while Helicobacter pylori has been proven a causative agent of stomach ulcer and cancer (Choi et al., 2020). Hence, early detection of these microorganisms in human body leading to early treatment of these diseases can, very often, improve the medical outcome. A study has shown that sequencing of the DNA in human serum allows detection of viral DNA, such as EBV, which can be used as a screening test for nasopharyngeal cancer in the general population (Lam et al., 2018). In the future, it is possible to identify tens of thousands of microorganisms in blood in a single sequencing screening. Thanks to the exponential growth in the development of the sequencing technology, the cost of a whole genome sequencing has been dramatically reduced to approximately US$7000–10,000 (Bick et al., 2017). As this reliable technology becomes more affordable, it is anticipated that WGS will become more accessible to patients in the future.
Managing Pain in the Presence of Autoimmune Disease
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Perhaps the debate on this one will go the way of the “no way an infection can cause stomach ulcers” debate. We now don’t think twice about the concept and test for and treat an H. pylori bacterial infection of the stomach that causes stomach ulcers all the time. Or the “leaky gut” debate that has morphed into “intestinal permeability disorder,” despite all the data on disruption of the intestinal tight junctions and its negative impact not only on gut function but chronic disease in general. There are different companies that provide IgG testing kits. Some kits test for more foods than others. Some testing companies can test up to 500 different foods. In our office, we most often use ones that will test for 96 different foods, grading each food 0–4. These tests provide qualitative measurements of allergenic foods and their degree of severity.
Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yuan Feng, Wan Dai, Junyu Ke, Yong Cui, Shuang Li, Jingjing Ma, Wenfeng Guo, Gang Chen, Ning Li, Yanwu Li
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis, and functional dyspepsia, are highly prevalent and generally considered to be a leading cause of the incidence of several other concomitant diseases. GI mucosal as a barrier plays a pivotal role in the protection of digestive organs and the damage of gastric mucosa is considered the early stage of gastric ulcer (Woolf and Rose 2021). Previous studies reported that gastric mucosa damage is attributable to multiple factors including chemical factors (smoking, drinking, and drugs), physical factors (improper diet), inflammation, intestinal bacterium, and phycological stress (Padol et al. 2012; Haj Kheder et al. 2018; Zhou and Zhang 2019; Woolf and Rose 2021). Among the various reasons contributing to gastric injury, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) indomethacin can depress the expression of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and increase the free radical formation and excessive generation of inflammatory mediators, thus inducing gastric mucosal damage or gastric ulcer (Abd EI-Rady et al. 2021). In addition, alcohol is another common risk factor for GI disease. Excessive drinking may cause the appearance of bleeding or stomach ulcers by rupturing the gastric mucosa barrier and inducing inflammatory cell infiltration (Ostaff et al. 2015). Recently, the animal models of gastric injuries induced by indomethacin and ethanol have been widely used to investigate the underlying pathophysiological and evaluate the protective effects of herbal medicines against gastric ulcers and gastritis (Dejban et al. 2020).
Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a gastric ulcer in a newborn
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Hasan Akduman, Nurdan Dinlen Fettah, Ayşegül Tok, Rümeysa Çitli, Başak Kaya Gürsoy
Gastric acid production starts immediately after birth in term and preterm babies and probably contributes to the pathophysiology of stress ulcers.3 Stress increases gastric acid secretion and plays a key role in ulceration in older children and adults.4 Stomach ulcers are rare in the neonatal period. They usually occur secondary to an underlying disease.2 Except for cesarean delivery, no other factor increased the risk of upper GI bleeding in our patient. Most upper GI bleeding cases in newborns are benign and self-limiting, but mortality approaches 40% when stress ulcers cause massive GI bleeding.2,5 Hematochezia due to bleeding severity can be seen in bleeding due to stomach ulcerations. Since the bleeding was massive in our patient, hematochezia and low hematocrit in need of blood transfusion were observed. The most common cause of suspicious GI bleeding in newborn babies is the swallowing of maternal blood during labor or through cracks in the nipples during breastfeeding.6 Our patient’s mother had a cracked nipple, and at first we thought this was the cause of the bleeding. Because of the persistence of upper GI bleeding after gastric lavage, we excluded this cause.
Management of Citrus sinensis peels for protection and treatment against gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Asmaa Aboul Naser, Eman Younis, Amal El-Feky, Marwa Elbatanony, Manal Hamed
Stomach ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. It affected people of all ages around the world. Its harmful effect resulted from the disturbance between the endogenous offensive factors like hydrochloric acid, pepsin, reactive oxygen species and the defensive agents like mucosal bicarbonate barrier, prostaglandin E2, cell renewal and antioxidant markers (Farzaei et al. 2015). This disrupted equilibrium is mainly due to the excessive exposure of the gastric mucosa to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, nutritional deficiencies, stress and ingestion of ethanol (Spirt 2004). Ethanol ingestion increases the gastric mucosa permeability, hydrogen ions leakage from the lumen and hydrochloric acid diffusion (Xie et al. 2013). Additionally, ethanol gastric mucosal damage develops an increase in some cyclooxygenase enzymes, cytokines, free radicals and signalling molecules that leads to inflammation and apoptosis (Wang et al. 2015). Moreover, ethanol intake leads to a state of intracellular oxidative stress with continuous generation of free radicals that affect the DNA of mucosal cells leading to gastric cancer (Fox and Wang 2007).