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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Aarthy K. Uthayakumar, Christopher B. Bunker
Differential diagnosis: During the primary stage with ulceration, the differential is fairly wide, including other STDs, namely, Herpes simplex progenitalis, syphilis, and chancroid. Proctocolitis may be misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastrointestinal cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
In the longer term, chronic proctocolitis might manifest as diarrhoea, tenesmus, bleeding and mucus per rectum, which can be treated conservatively with topical steroids. Small bowel stricture, intestinal obstruction and bladder contracture occur in 5%–10% of cases. Infertility is inevitable for both males and females and sexual difficulty can occur due to erectile dysfunction in males and vaginal narrowing and drying in females.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Lester Gottesman, Christina Cellini
This chapter will discuss the bacterial and viral pathogens associated with anorectal proctitis. Given the mucosal breaks caused by proctitis, many STIs increase the likelihood of HIV infection in MSM. Unfortunately, proctocolitis from STIs is not generally reported in the literature. In addition, there are very little data on the clinical presentation of proctitis in women. Therefore, much of the epidemiology and treatment data must be extrapolated from the overall information about genital STIs and/or the presentation of STI proctitis in MSM.
The Effect of Sterilization Methods of Endoscopic Instruments on the Body: A Study on Rat Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2018
Adnan Hut, Dogan Yildirim, Turgut Donmez, Cihad Tatar, Semih Mirapoglu, Rukiye Nilgun Erdogan, Zumrut Mine Isık Saglam, Huseyin Kilincaslan
There is potential for the skin and eye contact with the liquid and the exposure to glutaraldehyde vapor in the use of glutaraldehyde for biocidal purposes. Concentration-related skin and eye irritation and low incidence of allergic contact dermatitis are well-known effects of excessive glutaraldehyde exposure. Moreover, glutaraldehyde solutions may cause yellow or brown color change in the contaminant skin [3]. It has been reported that gastrointestinal mucosa may be damaged after sterilization of endoscopic instruments with GA. This damage can range from mild inflammation to ulceration and bleeding. Proctocolitis may develop in severe cases and these patients usually present with acute lower abdominal pain and fever accompanied by leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) [12]. In histopathological examinations performed in cases with GA-induced colitis, it was observed that there were mucosal erosion and ulceration and fibrohemorrhagic/purulent exudate along with congestion of the superficial lamina propria and extravasation of red blood cells [13]. In a study conducted on rats, inflammation and necrosis developed at the injection site after subcutaneous glutaraldehyde injection; there was a significant increase in WBC count and a significant decrease in lymphocyte count and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels among hematologic parameters; and the histopathologic changes in spleen, thymus, prostate and kidneys were not significant [14].
Curcumin as a therapeutic agent for blocking NF-κB activation in ulcerative colitis
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2018
Yiqing Wang, Qichun Tang, Peibei Duan, Lihua Yang
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic disorder primarily involving the colonic mucosal layer of the large intestine [1,2]. It is characterized by unpredictable phases of symptomatic disease activity and clinical remission [1,3]. Clinical manifestations of UC include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, anemia, and weight loss [4]. UC progression can lead to the damage of normal anatomy and physiology of the colon [5]. Both the incidence and prevalence of UC are increasing worldwide [6]. The overall incidence of UC was 1.2–20.3 per 100,000 person-years and its prevalence was 7.6–246.0 per 100,000 person-years [7]. The incidence of UC was 24.3/100,000person-years in Europe and 19.2/100,000 person-years in North America [8] and the prevalence of UC was up to 505/100,000 persons in Europe and 249/100,000 persons in North America [9]. Although the annual incidence of UC was 6.3/100,000 person-years in Asia [9], a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence are seen in Asia [10]. According to a community-based study in India, a high incidence of UC of about 6.02 and prevalence of UC of about 44.3 per 100,000 individuals were observed [11]. China had the highest incidence of UC in Asia. The incidence of UC was11.6 per 100,000 persons [12] and the prevalence of UC was 6.90 per 100,000 persons among the Chinese population [13]. In China, UC is usually confined to rectum, sigmoid, and descending colon and hence proctocolitis is commonly seen [14]. According to our data, 92.7% of cases were restricted to the left colon and 7.30% of cases were pancolitis in the Western countries [15]. In addition, UC is generally confined to the mucosal layer [16].
Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine development – a view on the current challenges and how to move forward
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Álvaro H. Borges, Frank Follmann, Jes Dietrich
After inoculation of LGV-associated serovars in the anogenital tract, infected individuals develop a painless, self-limited ulcer or papule (stage I) [6,7]. C. trachomatis then ascends to the draining lymph nodes causing tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy, which is usually unilateral (stage II). Chronic inflammation in the lymph nodes can lead to formation of abscesses and fistulas. In MSM with stage II LGV, symptomatic proctocolitis usually develops after rectal exposure. If LGV is left untreated, severe and incapacitating complications of fibrotic sequelae, such as irreversible lymphedema and fibrotic strictures of the genital and anorectal tract will develop (stage III) [6,7].