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Biogeneration of Volatile Organic Compounds in Microalgae-Based Systems
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Pricila Nass Pinheiro, Karem Rodrigues Vieira, Andriéli Borges Santos, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, Leila Queiroz Zepka
In microalgae-based systems, the most important biogenic volatile sulfide produced is dimethylsulphide (DMS) (Watson et al. 2016). Microbial catabolism of the dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is thought to be the major biological process generating the volatile compound (Carrión et al. 2015). The DMSP arises from the sulfur-containing amino acid methionine, initially from the enzymatic action of methionine decarboxylase and subsequently undergoes decarboxylation, oxidation, and methylation reactions to yield the final product. The demethiolation of DMSP leads to methanethiol which can be converted to DMS by methylation (Achyuthan et al. 2017; Curson et al. 2017).
Cyanides, sulfides, and carbon monoxide
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas. Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a liquid that boils at 46°C. It ignites at the temperature of boiling water (100°C). Ethylmercaptan (C2H5SH) and methylmercaptan (methanethiol, CH3SH) are gases.
Experimental and Clinical States of Hyperammonia: Alterations in Glutamate and Glutamine
Published in Elling Kvamme, Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals, 1988
Rabbits with galactosamine-induced hepatic coma had decreased numbers of excitatory neurotransmitter receptors on brain synaptic membranes, including those for glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and kainic acid, and increased numbers of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors, including those for glycine and GABA.79-81 Similar increases in GABA receptors occurred in rats with galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy, dogs with portasystemic shunts and encephalopathy, and patients who died with hepatic encephalopathy.82-84 A synthetic “hepatic” coma induced in rats by the synergistic action on the neuron of the three main toxins (NH4+, methanethiol, and octanoic acid) that accumulate during human or experimental hepatic failure was also associated with increased brain GABA receptors.85 It appears that neuronal damage by the hepatic failure toxins decreases the susceptibility of the neuron to glutamate and other excitatory neurotransmitters and increases its susceptibility to inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA and tranquilizers like benzodiazepines.
Development of sodium tetrathionate as a cyanide and methanethiol antidote
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Adriano Chan, Jangwoen Lee, Subrata Bhadra, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Tara B. Hendry-Hofer, Vikhyat S. Bebarta, Sari B. Mahon, Matthew Brenner, Brian Logue, Renate B. Pilz, Gerry R. Boss
In addition to reacting directly with cyanide, we hypothesized that tetrathionate could also react with methanethiol, another toxic chemical that like cyanide, inhibits cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain [13–16]. Methanethiol, also known as methyl mercaptan and mercaptothiol, is a catabolic product of methionine and is generated during the decay of organic matter [17]. It is present in sewage treatment plants, wood pulp mills, oil and natural gas processing plants, and factories that produce pesticides, poultry feed, and jet fuel [18,19]. Seven deaths related to methanethiol exposure have occurred from occupational exposures over the last 10 years, and like cyanide, methanethiol is listed as a high priority chemical threat by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [20,21]. But, unlike cyanide, no specific antidote exists for methanethiol.
Methyl mercaptan gas: mechanisms of toxicity and demonstration of the effectiveness of cobinamide as an antidote in mice and rabbits
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
George P. Philipopoulos, John Tat, Adriano Chan, Jingjing Jiang, David Mukai, Tanya Burney, Melody Doosty, Sari Mahon, Hemal H. Patel, Carl W. White, Matthew Brenner, Jangwoen Lee, Gerry R. Boss
Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), also known as methanethiol and mercaptothiol, is a colorless, flammable gas. It is used in the production of oil, paper, plastics, jet fuels, and pesticides [1]. It is also used as a chemical odorant to detect natural gas leaks due to its pungent smell of rotting cabbage [2]. It is produced in humans during methionine or cysteine catabolism in the mouth and colon, contributing to the smell of halitosis and flatulence, respectively [3].