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Antibody-Based Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Malignant ascites is the accumulation of peritoneal fluid due to the spread of malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity. It is a typical late-stage symptom of some cancers and is associated with an increase of abdominal girth, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. The usual treatment is to puncture the peritoneum to let the accumulated fluid drain out.
Gastroenterology
Published in Paul Bentley, Ben Lovell, Memorizing Medicine, 2019
Malignant ascites: Intraperitoneal bleomycinLe-Veen shunt: Subcutaneous catheter connects to internal jugular vein, via 1-way valve
Ascites
Published in Mervyn Dean, Juan-Diego Harris, Claud Regnard, Jo Hockley, Symptom Relief in Palliative Care, 2018
Mervyn Dean, Juan-Diego Harris, Claud Regnard, Jo Hockley
Ascites in cancer or liver disease usually carries a poor prognosis.1 The commonest causes for malignant ascites are primary tumors of breast, ovary, colon, stomach, pancreas and bronchus. Symptoms of ascites include nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension or pain, edema (legs, perineum or lower trunk) and breathlessness due to diaphragmatic splinting.2
Intraperitoneal administration of thermosensitive hydrogel Co-loaded with norcantharidin nanoparticles and oxaliplatin inhibits malignant ascites of hepatocellular carcinoma
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Susu Xiao, Yu Wang, Wenqiong Ma, Ping Zhou, Biqiong Wang, Zhouxue Wu, Qian Wen, Kang Xiong, Yanlin Liu, Shaozhi Fu
The presence of malignant ascites not only shortens the median survival time of cancer patients, but also aggravates the clinical symptoms and worsens their quality of life. IP chemotherapy, wherein drugs are injected directly into the abdominal cavity, is an effective treatment against malignant ascites since it achieves high local drug concentrations with low systemic toxicity (Wen et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2022). Moreover, the combination of drugs with different targets and mechanisms of action may have a synergistic effect against tumor cells and thus improve treatment outcomes (Gong et al., 2012). The therapeutic efficacy of common chemotherapeutic drugs is limited by their rapid metabolism and clearance, which significantly lowers their concentrations to sub-optimal levels (Wenzel et al., 2004). In addition, chemotherapy drugs also induce varying degrees of organ damage and systemic toxicity, thereby warranting the development of suitable drug delivery systems for IP chemotherapy.
Bispecific antibodies for the treatment of breast cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Patrick M. Dillon, Jogender Tushir-Singh, Lawrence G. Lum
EpCAM is a cell surface glycoprotein detected in over 90% of breast cancers that is associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)[38]. EpCAM is an attractive target for BsAb approaches in breast cancer. Catumaxomab, the EpCAM-CD3 BsAb that was EMA/FDA approved (2009) and later withdrawn. It has recently been reexamined in updated phase III trials including 156 patients with malignant ascites (NCT04222114). In addition to catumaxomab, there is a recent competing EpCAM BiTE construct known as MuS110/MT110/solitomab. It decreased tumor sizes in 4T1 and MCF-7 tumor bearing mice models[39]. The MT110 BsAb also achieved lysis in EpCAM+ cells from malignant pleural effusions[40]. In a human phase I study in 65 patients with solid tumors, MT110 treatments resulted in >95% of patients with treatment related adverse events (AE) which were grade 3 or greater[41]. There was one grade 5 treatment related AE and no confirmed responses. No further development is reported publicly given the toxicities experienced with this MT110/solitomab agent.
Co-expressed functional module-related genes in ovarian cancer stem cells represent novel prognostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Statistical data analysis and dataset selection are crucial in terms of identifying similar sample properties. Therefore stem-like ovarian cancer cells were selected. In a dataset, stem cell-like spheroid-derived cells were obtained from the OVCAR-3 cell line and OVCAR-3 parental cell lines as controls. The other datasets consisted of SP and MP isolated from fresh ascites obtained from patients with high-grade advanced-stage papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. It was identified that SP cells have CSC like behavior (Vathipadiekal et al. 2012). Despite inconsistent alterations of the genome statistical analysis of the gene expression data revealed that, mutual DEGs mostly take a role in signaling events. The reason for the low number of common DEGs may reflect individual differences, tissue heterogeneity and differences between cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Moreover, O-CSC isolated from epithelial carcinoma and malignant ascites in the selected datasets are consistent with the low number of DEGs. Malignant ascites consist of a complex mixture of soluble factors and cellular components that ensure an inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment for the tumor cells (Ahmed and Stenvers 2013).