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Hairlessness and Metabolic Compensations
Published in Miroslav Holub, Immunology of Nude Mice, 2020
Microbial natural pathogens, among which protozoa must not be neglected,43 obviously trigger the bulk of secondary disorders. In germ-free nude and control mice of the fourth backcross to C3H/He the longevity was 1042 days for nude females vs. 1059 days for euthymic controls and 1078 days for nude males compared to 1085 days for control males.44 The odds ratio of risk for a lethal disease in the germ-free conditions was in athymic vs. normal mice 12.3 to 15.1 (female-male) for lymphatic tissue neoplasms (mainly reticulum cell sarcoma and lymphosarcoma), 0.6 to 2.0 for degenerative and dystrophic diseases, 2.4 (females) for sepsis and 2.3 to 1.9 for undetermined causes (“old age”). On the other hand, there was a significantly reduced risk for solid neoplasms (ovarian adenoma, hepatocellular adenoma, Harderian gland adenoma), with the exception of alveolar adenoma44 (which may be closely related to the state of bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue).
Diseases of the Hepatobiliary Tree and Pancreas Associated with Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Benign tumors — Benign tumors are frequently asymptomatic and rarely attended by fever. However there have been a few reports in the literature of benign liver tumors presenting with fever. Hepatocellular adenoma may occasionally undergo infarction or hemorrhage and be manifested by the sudden onset of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and leukocytosis. Such features occurred in three out of 75 cases reported from the United States Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.166 A young female with FUO was subsequently found to have an adenoma of the liver secondary to birth-control pill ingestion.157 Cavernous hemangioma usually presents as an abdominal mass with or without pain. Sometimes, fever168 and chills are the predominant manifestations. Fever persisting after inability to resect the tumor at laparotomy has been controlled by radiotherapy169 or prednisone.170 Mesenchymal hamartoma was found in a 19-year-old female, who presented with abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, and hepatomegaly, and who was initially thought to have a hepatic abscess.171 Leiomyoma of the liver was found at autopsy of an 87-year-old female who succumbed after developing hematemesis, epigastric pain and fever.166
Hepatic tumours
Published in Brice Antao, S Irish Michael, Anthony Lander, S Rothenberg MD Steven, Succeeding in Paediatric Surgery Examinations, 2017
N Alexander Jones, Onyebuchi Ukabiala
In general primary liver tumours are very uncommon – less than 5% of all childhood tumours. Of these, less than 40% are benign and tend to have clear predisposing factors. After focal nodular hyperplasia, mesenchymal hamartoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and infantile hepatic haemangioendothelioma, all the others are exceedingly rare. Chronic oestrogen and anabolic steroid exposure are known predisposing factor to hepatocellular adenoma. Type I glycogen storage disease is also an important association. These lesions may rupture and bleed and should be resected as they may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation as a valid first-line treatment option for hepatocellular adenomas
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Gregor Laimer, Peter Schullian, Yannick Scharll, Daniel Putzer, Gernot Eberle, Georg Oberhuber, Reto Bale
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare, benign epithelial tumor of the liver, predominantly arising in young/middle-aged women taking oral contraceptives or other steroid medications [1,2]. HCAs rarely occur amongst children and men, with a reported male-to-female ratio of 1:9 [3]. However, with an overall incidence of 0.3–4 per 100,000 [4], HCA is still the second most common benign tumor of hepatocellular origin after focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) [5]. HCAs can appear as singular or multiple tumors and can vary considerably in size. Although benign in contrast to FNHs, HCAs often require treatment because of an increased risk of rupture with subsequent hemorrhage or malignant transformation. In fact, the overall frequency of hemorrhage in patients with HCAs was reported as 27.2% per patient and 15.8% per adenoma [6]. Surgical resection [7–9] is currently considered the first choice in the management of HCAs. However, other less invasive treatment options, such as transarterial embolization [10] or percutaneous thermal ablation [4,11], have recently been proposed.
High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of solid tumors: a pilot study in canine cancer patients
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Jennifer Carroll, Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott, Shawna L. Klahn, Joanne Tuohy, Sabrina L. Barry, Irving C. Allen, Alayna N. Hay, Jeffrey Ruth, Nick Dervisis
To date the use of HIFU for the treatment of canine cancer is scarce and limited to small retrospective case series or reports [26–30]. Ryu et al. evaluated the use of HIFU for the treatment of solid tumors in canines and found that 5/10 dogs treated experienced relief of their clinical signs and 4/10 dogs had documented tumor regression of varying degrees. Side effects were mild consisting of erythema, superficial skin ulceration, and enteritis, all of which were self-limiting [27]. Another study investigated the use of sonodynamic therapy using an anti-cancer micelle and HIFU combination for the treatment of 4 different tumor histologies. Treatment resulted in improvement in patient pain scores and function [28]. Kopelman et al. used MRI guided Focused Ultrasound with thermometry for the treatment of a large hepatocellular adenoma in a dog over the course of 4 separate sessions. Finally, Ranjan et al., reported on a case of a large oral tumor treated with HIFU, resulting in tumor remission and proliferation of T-cells around the treated tumor [29].
Intraplacental Hepatic Heterotopia
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Saman S. Karimi, Steven Garzon
Of the cases reported in the literature, there has been no consensus as to naming the entity representing this lesion. Both ectopic liver tissue and intraplacental hepatocellular adenoma have been reported in the literature without any clear distinction between the two entities. In the case presented here, the lesion is not grossly identifiable, presents as a microscopic focus, well integrated with the surround chorionic villi and does not compress the surrounding placental parenchyma. While the lesion is associated with surrounding vasculature, a possible portal triad is not identified in this microscopic focus. It is unclear whether the vessels in proximity to the lesion would represent unpaired arteries, a feature associated with hepatocellular adenoma. The gross and histopathological presentation of this lesion is consistent with ectopic liver tissue admixed with chorionic villi.