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Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood
Published in Emmanuel C. Opara, Sam Dagogo-Jack, Nutrition and Diabetes, 2019
Pediatric studies investigating weight loss with lifestyle modification have also been promising. A randomized, modified crossover study [50] of 79 obese children (age 7–11 years) demonstrated that 4 months of exercise training (40 minutes of activity 5 days a week) decreased fasting insulin (10%) and triglyceride (17%) concentrations and reduced percent body fat (5%), even in the absence of dietary intervention. The effects on plasma insulin and body fat were reversed when training was discontinued. An 8-week trial of cycle ergometry and resistance training in obese adolescents reduced abdominal (7%) and trunk (3.7%) fat mass and normalized flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery [53]. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on general cardiovascular health and, in combination with a low-saturated-fat diet, may reverse hepatic steatosis. The capacity for voluntary exercise declines as BMI rises. It is therefore critical to begin regular exercise before the child becomes morbidly obese and functionally immobile.
Intestinal Failure‑Associated Liver Disease
Published in John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson, Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
Deirdre A. Kelly, Sue V. Beath
Liver biopsy in the context of IFALD reveals a wide spectrum of pathology from steatosis to biliary cirrhosis. In adults, hepatic steatosis is relatively common and may develop without signs of inflammation, cholestasis, or hepatocyte necrosis [23]. In contrast, infants are more likely to present with centrilobular cholestasis, portal inflammation, and necrosis with or without fatty infiltration. More advanced liver disease is rare in adults but has been reported in children who are being evaluated for combined liver and small bowel transplantation and includes portal fibrosis (100%), pericellular fibrosis (95%), and bile ductular proliferation (90%) [22]. Pigmented Kupffer cells (81%) and portal bridging (86%) were also prominent features (see Figure 26.1).
Comorbidities in Psoriatic Arthritis
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Maria J. Antonelli, Marina Magrey
One prospective study exhibited hepatic steatosis as an independent predictor of not achieving minimal disease activity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91, 95% CI 1.04–3.38), suggesting that fatty liver disease may influence disease prognosis or therapy response (Di Minno et al. 2012). Additionally, the presence of liver disease limits the choice of therapies, which in turn may influence the ability to attain minimal disease activity.
The association between serum folate and ultrasound - defined hepatic steatosis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Xingxing Chen, Jiajia Lu, Qi Xu, Bin Chen, Lijun Shen
In the 2017–2018 NHANES project, transient elastography was utilized to evaluate hepatic steatosis, providing the first representative observations of the biggest sample size in the United States for transient elastography CAP. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher serum folate levels were linked to reduced CAP in our sample, with the link being stronger in men. Our findings are in line with other research that implicates a folate shortage in the emergence of various small sample groups or animal models of liver injury. A research in obese adults found that patients with confirmed severe NAFLD liver biopsies had lower serum folate concentrations than those with normal livers or minor liver abnormalities [10]. And Halsted et al. found minor steatosis in two of six alcohol-fed animals with adequate folate intake, but steatonecrosis in five of six ethanol-fed folate-deficient micropigs [11]. Our research adds to and verifies this link in a wide group of people, providing evidence for medications to treat hepatic steatosis.
Evaluation of non-clinical toxicity of extract and vouacapans from fruits of Pterodon pubescens Benth
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Vanessa Helena da Silva Souza, Rosanna Tarkany Basting, Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa, Núbia de Cássia Almeida Queiroz, João Ernesto de Carvalho, Mary Ann Foglio
Another alteration found in the animals’ liver was diagnosed as mild microgoticular hepatic steatosis (Figure 6(C)) affecting especially PPE treated groups with higher prevalence within the highest dose. Hepatic steatosis, or hepatocellular lipidosis, is not a disease, but reflects a metabolic dysfunction, and may occur as a result of a variety of disorders of normal lipid metabolism, which may begin with an inflammatory process that promotes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, as can be caused by excessive intake of fatty acids (Fabbrini and Magkos 2015). The incidence of microgoticular steatosis in animals treated with PPE in the three doses tested was higher as the dosage of the administered extract increased, suggesting that due to the lipid characteristics of PPE, this may contribute to dysfunction emergence. However, these animals did not show any alteration of cholesterol or serum triglycerides. Other studies should be performed, for the characterization of the fatty acids composition of PPE and evaluation of their dietary influence on animal metabolism.
Cannabis use and reduced risk of elevated fatty liver index in HIV-HCV co-infected patients: a longitudinal analysis (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH)
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Tangui Barré, Teresa Rojas Rojas, Karine Lacombe, Camelia Protopopescu, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Marie Libérée Nishimwe, David Zucman, Laure Esterle, Eric Billaud, Hugues Aumaitre, Olivier Bouchaud, David Rey, Lionel Piroth, Dominique Salmon-Ceron, Linda Wittkop, Philippe Sogni, Maria Patrizia Carrieri, Lawrence Serfaty, Fabienne Marcellin
Hepatic steatosis is closely related to metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood glucose and high blood pressure. Both conditions seem to share a common pathophysiological pathway [41]. In the present study, the association between fasting glucose and fatty liver was salient. The beneficial effects of cannabis use on body weight, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus observed in the general population [42,43] suggest that cannabis use may protect people from the onset of steatosis by exerting an overall protective effect on metabolic dysregulation. The association we found between cannabis use and both BMI and waist circumference seems to support a body weight and/or risky fat distribution-mediated effect, while it has previously been highlighted that those variables are the greatest contributors to FLI prediction [31]. An association between cannabis use and insulin resistance has already been shown in HIV-HCV co-infected patients [44], as well as with diabetes mellitus in HCV patients [45].