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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
A dilated oesophagus may cause confusion, whether air or fluid-filled, or a combination of the two. Many observers may note the latter with its fluid-level, but in error consider the oesophagus to be a dilated trachea, or the lower fluid-filled part as an enlarged left atrium, etc. Similarly an air or partly air-filled pharyngeal or oesophageal diverticulum, may cause problems in diagnosis relative to the airway. A good diagnostic point is the 'fluid trap' causing a gas-less gastric fundus.
Lymphoma
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Sarah J Vinnicombe, Rodney J Hicks
Intrinsic oesophageal involvement is extremely uncommon, usually involves the distal third of the oesophagus and can result in a smooth tapered narrowing. Occasionally, both the gastric fundus and distal oesophagus are involved by tumour.
The liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Dina G. Tiniakos, Alastair D. Burt
This is increased blood pressure in the portal vein, >1 kPa (7 mm Hg), reflecting the resistance to blood flow through grossly disturbed liver structure, as occurs in cirrhosis. It is further compounded by intrahepatic arteriovenous shunting of blood. Portal hypertension is caused by a variety of other conditions (Table 11.5). It leads to splenic enlargement and this may result in excessive removal of red cells and platelets from the blood – the syndrome of hypersplenism. There is also dilatation of the plexus of venous channels around the gastric fundus and oesophagus to form varices. These varices are thin walled and bleed readily, causing torrential and life-threatening haematemesis. Portal hypertension also contributes to the development of ascites.
Twenty cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Mei Yang, Xiaobin Sun, Yuanyuan Chen, Peng Yang
There were 20 lesions in 19 patients, including 6 males and 14 females, all of whom had no family history of tumours. Four patients had concurrent reflux symptoms, while the remainder were asymptomatic, with the tumours being found during physical examination. The 20 lesions were all located in the upper body of the stomach and fundus of the stomach, with most of the patients having a single lesion. One patient had multiple lesions (2 fundus adenocarcinomas), and the other patient had signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) with an average size of 0.75 cm (0.4–1.7 cm). The age of the patients ranged from 47 to 81 years, and the average patient age was 62.5 years. The male-to-female ratio in this study was 6:14. HP infection and atrophy were observed in three patients (4 lesions) with background mucosa atrophic gastritis with an atrophy degree of C2-C3, active HP infection was found in two patients, and HP infection had been eradicated in three patients. All lesions occurred in non-atrophic areas, and 10 patients had gastric fundus polyps (Table 1).
Gastroscopic results for the asymptomatic, average-risk population in Northern China: a cross-sectional study of 60,519 adults
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Yan Gong, Juan Kang, Rilige Wu, Fulin Ge, Yan-song Zheng, Qiang Zeng
The detection rate of benign gastric polypoid lesions by gastroscopy varies from 1.2% to 5% [25,26]. Some polyps may be cancerous [27], so early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance. This study suggests that the overall detection rate of gastric polyps was 3.61%. With increasing age, the detection rate of gastric polyps by endoscopy showed a significant upward trend, and the detection rate in women was significantly higher than that in men. Further analysis showed that the H. pylori infection rate of gastric polyp patients was significantly lower than that of the others, and the H. pylori infection rate of inflammatory and hyperplastic polyp patients was significantly higher than that of gastric fundic polyp patients, suggesting that H. pylori infection is related to the formation of inflammatory and hyperplastic polyps. These results are consistent with previous studies. Gastric fundus polyps are the most common type of polyp in the United States [28,29], while in our study, inflammatory polyps were the most common.
Multifactorial jaundice and pigmented choledocholithiasis secondary to warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and alcoholic cirrhosis
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Colten Watson, Mazen Hassan, Grant Breeland
A chest x-ray revealed no acute processes, but an abdominal ultrasound showed intrahepatic ductal dilation and a thickened gallbladder wall (Figure 1). His common bile duct was 8 mm in diameter. A filling defect was found distally, measuring approximately 7 mm at the level of the sphincter of Oddi. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed based on the MRI impression (Figure 2) and led to complete removal of two pigmented gallstones via sphincterotomy and balloon extraction, as well as hemostasis of a bleeding lesion in the gastric antrum with argon plasma coagulation and ablation of an arteriovenous malformation in the gastric fundus. The final diagnosis was multifactorial jaundice and pigmented choledocholithiasis secondary to w-AIHA and alcoholic cirrhosis. Other diagnoses included acute gastrointestinal bleed in the gastric antrum and an arteriovenous malformation of the gastric fundus. The patient’s total bilirubin decreased to 24.6 mg/dL the following day (Figure 3), and he was initiated on 20 mg of prednisone. He was discharged with instructions to follow-up with hematology and hepatology within 7 days.