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Grand Summary and Conclusions
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
All of the genes listed in the Vibrant CARDIA-X testing have specific treatments that will modify the gene expression to reduce CHD risk and CHD risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, blood glucose, and the three finite responses. These include treatments with nutrition, nutritional supplements, lifestyle, and medications.
Locally Advanced Resectable Gastric Cancer
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande
Most patients present with dyspepsia and/or iron deficiency anemia, as was the case in the patient presented. Symptoms such as anorexia, fatigue, and weight loss usually occur much later in the course of the disease. Symptoms of severe reflux followed by dysphagia may be seen in tumors of the cardia and gastroesophageal junction. Vomiting of undigested food within two to three hours of a meal raises the suspicion of gastric outlet obstruction and warrants further investigation. The passage of black tarry stools (melena) should also alert the treating doctor to the need for a gastroscopy.
Oesophageal cancer
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Nyree Griffin, Jason Dunn, Lee Alexander Grant
Laparoscopy can be used to select patients in whom conventional non-invasive imaging has suggested resectable disease and identify those with ‘occult’ liver or peritoneal metastases to avoid unnecessary laparotomy. This technique is best suited for patients with tumours of the lower third of the oesophagus or tumours straddling the cardia that appear to be advanced on other imaging studies. In one series, staging laparoscopy avoided unnecessary laparotomy in 20% of patients (61).
Food Environment Index is Inversely Associated with Gastric Cancer Incidence in the United States
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Shenghui Wu, Yanning Liu, Martie Thompson, Adam Hege
Gastric non-cardia cancer was positively associated with H. pylori infection (47), but gastric cardia cancer was associated with high animal fat intake, which causes severe obesity (48, 49). It may also be related to gastroesophageal reflux diseases (48), although the etiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia remains unclear and controversial (50). We did not observe a statistically significant interaction between logarithmic FEI and anatomic site (P for interaction = 0.14); however, we adjusted for obesity and urbanicity which is a proxy of H. pylori infection prevalence in our analysis. Most GC cases are adenocarcinoma (51), and our study showed a statistically significant interaction between logarithmic FEI and histologic types (P for interaction = 0.01). However, we found a statistically significant inverse association between FEI and both adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma GC. To explore the effects of H. pylori infection and other factors not collected from the cancer registries, future prospective cohort studies on associations between FEI and GC are warranted.
Trends and Projections of Stomach Cancer Incidence in Hong Kong: A Population-Based Study
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2023
Liping Yang, Haifeng Sun, Yan Bai, Shengzhi Sun, Xiaoming Wu, Zhenhai Gan, Jianqiang Du, Jianfei Du
Several limitations are evident in our study. First, although stomach cancer is often reported as one entity, it can usually be divided into two distinct topographical subsites, cardia and non-cardia (1,5), yet no distinction is made in the HKCaR. Non-cardia stomach cancer is mainly associated with H pylori infection and high salt intake, which may be the main reason for the global trend of stomach cancer. On the other hand, cardia stomach cancer is related to obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease and accounts for about 12% of stomach cancers globally (29). However, a report showed that H pylori infection is a significant risk factor for both non-cardia and cardia cancer in Chinese adults (21). In addition, cardia stomach cancer is not easily distinguished from lower esophageal adenocarcinoma (29), which makes comparing long-term trends in the cardia and non-cardia stomach cancer more complicated even if we have the data. Second, HKCaR is limited because it lacks patient-specific data regarding H. pylori infection status, smoking habits, etc. Knowing these data will assist us in modifying our analysis. Third, the population structure and size of Hong Kong were derived from UN World Population Prospects, which may be subject to significant biases, adding to the uncertainty of the projections. Finally, we employed a variety of modeling approaches, which inevitably introduce a lot of uncertainty. Despite these limitations, we believe that our findings are the best estimate possible given the available data in Hong Kong.
Calcium Intake Contributed by Whole Foods and Gastric Cancer in Viet Nam: A Case‑Control Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Thinh Gia Nguyen, Dung Thuy Thi Truong, Phuoc Hong Le, Tuyen Cat Kim Vo, Shunya Ikeda, Ngoan Tran Le
Ninety-five percent of GCs are adenocarcinomas, followed by primary gastric lymphomas. Based on their anatomical sites, these types are generally classified as cardia (upper gastric) or non-cardia (lower gastric). Aging, male sex, low fruit intake, high consumption of processed meat, alcohol consumption, smoking, family history, and food preserved by salting have all been consistent risk factors for both cardia and non-cardia (4). Non-cardia GC has been declining steadily owing to the decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and improvements in food preservation and storage (5). Meanwhile, the incidence of cardia GC, linked to obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease, has increased in developed countries (6). The protective ability of micronutrients against the risk of cancer has become a hot topic and attracted the attention of scientists. A report from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) 2020 found that calcium and dairy product consumption helped protect against colorectal cancer; however, no conclusion for GC has been reached yet (7).