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Nephrology
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Albuminuria is measured with a spot urine sample: an albumin:creatinine ratio can be calculated if laboratory support permits. Urine test strip protein is more feasible in most humanitarian aid and low-resource settings – it approximates albuminuria as follows: negative-trace = normal to mildly increased; trace-1+ = moderately increased; >1+ = severely increased (respectively categories A1–3 in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes chart in Figure 11.5.1).1,2,3
EMI (IME, IMVP-16) (ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide)
Published in Maxwell Summerhayes, Susanna Daniels, Practical Chemotherapy, 2018
Maxwell Summerhayes, Susanna Daniels
If blood is reported in the urine, then increasing the mesna dose may help if ifosfamide is still being administered, or if it has been administered within the last 12 h. However, it is important to be aware that most urine test strips for blood are very sensitive, and the lowest blood levels detected by them probably do not require intervention. Consult an experienced prescriber for advice in this situation.
Urine test strips and iodine contamination: a tricky trick in iodine nutrition surveys
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Anna Sofía Veyhe, Herborg Líggjasardóttir Johannesen, Pál Weihe, Stig Andersen
A recent report suggested mild iodine deficiency with average urinary iodine excretion of 86 µg/L among Faroese women aged 40 years and above [8] and called for attention to Faroese women of childbearing age. To accommodate the points on survey fatigue and resources, we measured the iodine content of 186 stored urine samples from the 28-year follow-up on the Faroese 1986–1987 birth cohort [9]. Preliminary results showed an average urinary iodine concentration of 457 µg/L. This spurious finding encouraged the present report to disclose details of our disentanglement. Thus, the objective of this study was investigate if urine test strips (for blood, glucose, and protein) may contaminate and corrupt urine samples with iodine. In addition, we suggest a simple procedure to prevent erroneous results when taking up the time and resource-saving shortcut.
Testing hair for fentanyl exposure: a method to inform harm reduction behavior among individuals who use heroin
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2019
Joseph J. Palamar, Alberto Salomone, Rachele Bigiarini, Marco Vincenti, Patricia Acosta, Babak Tofighi
In conclusion, almost all participants in this sample tested positive for fentanyl and many others also tested positive for its analogs. Individuals who use heroin, clinicians, and public health experts alike can benefit from having such information on exposure to these highly potent and dangerous compounds. While hair testing cannot provide immediate results like urine test strips, it can provide clinicians and medical staff with extensive exposure histories of various compounds and this information can inform surveillance, prevention, and harm reduction. Thus, test results can be provided through person-level individual feedback or through relaying such information to overall populations at risk. Results suggest hair testing can provide valuable information to clinicians and epidemiologists in a time of the worsening opioid crisis in the US.
Synthetic biology-based portable in vitro diagnostic platforms
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Almando Geraldi, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
Currently there are more than 40,000 types of IVD test available with global economic values forecasted to reach $75 billion US Dollar (USD) by 2020.3 In general, those wide varieties of IVD test can be categorized in three main types: (1) Clinical laboratory tests: Relatively complex tests, where certain samples from patients are sent to clinical laboratories for examination using advanced laboratory facilities by skilled operators (i.e. PCR-based and immunoassay / antibody-based testing for pathogen detection). (2) Near-patient tests: Relatively simple tests which does not rely on sophisticated instruments and can be easily performed on a simple platform by physicians or nurses (i.e. urine test strips for determining pH, specific gravity, and the presence of certain chemicals). (3) In-home tests: The simplest tests, where patients can do the tests and deal with the test results information by themselves (i.e. diabetic glucose meters and home pregnancy test).1