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Bimatoprost
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bimatoprost is a synthetic prostamide and structural prostaglandin analog with ocular hypotensive activity. It mimics the effects of the endogenous prostamides and reduces intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor through both the pressure-sensitive outflow pathway (the trabecular meshwork), and the pressure-insensiti- ve outflow pathway (the uveoscleral routes). Bimatoprost ophthalmic solution is used as an antihypertensive agent for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (1).
Treatment of Developmental Glaucoma
Published in Neil T. Choplin, Carlo E. Traverso, Atlas of Glaucoma, 2014
Carlo E. Traverso, Paolo Capris
Medical treatment of developmental glaucoma is used mostly as a temporizing measure pending surgical treatment as it has little chance to obtain and maintain the target IOP in most cases. Topical beta-blockers and other aqueous suppressants, such as acetazolamide and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, are commonly used in preparation for surgery with the hope of improving corneal transparency, thus facilitating gonioscopy and funduscopy. The prostaglandin analogue and prostamide medicines show good efficacy in IOP reduction with lower side effects than in adults. Caution must be exercised with infants and small children when using medical therapy as the relatively small blood volume may lead to high systemic levels of many medications if used in adult dosages, leading to significant side effects. For example, there is an increased risk of apnea in children under 2 years of age on topical α-agonists, such as apraclonidine.
Latanoprost, a balanced prostaglandin
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2019
Jose M Martinez-de-la-Casa, Shaantanu Donde, Joanna Wierzbowska
Despite the availability of increasingly effective and better-tolerated drugs with good local and systemic safety profiles, there are still goals to achieve in order to improve this stage of glaucoma treatment. The authors would describe the key weaknesses in the field to date as: (1) the lack of studies comparing fixed-dose combinations of drugs with unfixed combination treatment regimens (thus resulting in the reporting of small-study effects); and (2) the small number of crossover trials. Specifically, there is a lack of studies focused on the outcomes of visual field defects and optic atrophy in the comparison of fixed-dose combination latanoprost‒timolol vs. unfixed combination latanoprost‒timolol, where there is a critical need for more long-term, high-quality RCTs. Furthermore, information on latanoprost and fixed-dose combination latanoprost‒timolol among all possible prostaglandin analog/prostamide topical medical treatments for POAG and ocular hypertension is required.
The COX-2/prostanoid signaling cascades in seizure disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2019
Asheebo Rojas, Di Chen, Thota Ganesh, Nicholas H. Varvel, Raymond Dingledine
COX-2 also metabolizes the two major endocannabinoids to form prostaglandin glycerol esters and ethanolamides, referred to as prostamides (Figure 1), which have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects [24,25]. PGE2-EA (prostamide E2) can bind all four PGE2 receptors but with 500-fold lower potency than PGE2 itself [26]; whether the canonical PGE2 receptors mediate the effects of PGE2-EA is unlikely, and with one exception little else is known about receptors for the other prostanoid analogs. The discovery of selective prostamide-F2α agonists and antagonists led to the postulate of an independent receptor for this endocannabinoid metabolite, and indeed a heteromeric receptor consisting of two of the seven splice variants of FP was found to mediate ocular hypotension by prostamide-F2α [27].
Efficacy of topical latanoprost versus minoxidil and betamethasone valerate on the treatment of alopecia areata
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Amal Ahmad El-Ashmawy, Iman Hamed El-Maadawy, Gamal Mohamed El-Maghraby
There are a number of potential strategies for improving AA. The prostaglandin (PG) analog latanoprost can induce hypertrichosis of eyelashes, adjacent adnexal hair and vellus hair of the skin. Latanoprost and prostamide analogs may be valuable in the treatment of hair loss, especially AA (2). Minoxidil can improve androgenic alopecia and topical use is used to promote hair growth (3). Topical corticosteroids are the most common therapy used in AA. However, a recent Cochrane Systematic Review concluded that there is a scant evidence for the long-term therapeutic benefit of steroids in AA and that there is a desperate need for well-constructed therapeutic trials. In clinical practice, the first-line therapy in childhood AA is topical steroids particularly high-potency steroids (4). The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of latanoprost, minoxidil, betamethasone and a combination of latanoprost plus betamethasone in the treatment of AA.