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Role of Micronutrients in Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease and Improvement of the Standard Therapy
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
In patients with microvascular angina and with CAD, the plasma and RBC levels showed increased amounts of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and reduced expression of NO synthase. These patients showed enhanced oxidative stress.10 Levels of 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress in the plasma, were associated with the severity of CAD.11 Among elderly patients with CAD, women had higher levels of serum hydroperoxides than men.12 The levels of MDA, nitrite/nitrate, and DNA damage in CAD patients were higher than those found in control subjects, suggesting involvement of increased oxidative and nitrosylative stresses in pathophysiology of this disease.13 The serum levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were higher in CAD patients than in normal subjects.14 This marker of oxidative stress was associated with the severity of CAD.
Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Dietary Supplements on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Emmanuel C. Opara, Sam Dagogo-Jack, Nutrition and Diabetes, 2019
Another approach used by some investigators to demonstrate the presence of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes is the measurement of lipid peroxide levels and their degradation products. Using a validated technique for measuring authentic plasma lipid peroxide levels, it has been shown that individuals with type 2 diabetes have higher levels of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) compared to nondiabetic subjects [21,29,30,36–41]. In one study, lipid peroxides, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured along with certain hemostatic variables: fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWf), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasmin activity in patients with type 2 diabetes. It was found that MDA was elevated in the patients with microalbuminuria compared with patients without microalbuminuria and control nondiabetic patients. All the hemostatic parameters were also increased in the diabetic patients compared to the control subjects [42]. Isoprostanes are widely recognized products of lipid peroxidation, whose measurement provides a reliable index of oxidant injury [43]. Hence, it has also been used to assess the presence of oxidative stress in diabetes. In one study, plasma F2 isoprostane levels were measured at baseline and 90 minutes after a glucose load in diabetic patients. It was found that the isoprostane levels increased during acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, thus providing direct evidence of free radical–mediated oxidative damage in the disease [44].
Selected Supplements That Support Glycemic Control and Reduce Chronic Inflammation
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Plasma levels of IL-6, plasminogen activator-1, and 8-isoprostane were measured. Compared to the placebo group, after 4 weeks of treatment, endothelium-dependent FMD of the brachial artery was increased by 67% in the irbesartan group, 44% in the ALA group, and 75% in the combined irbesartan plus ALA group. Treatment with irbesartan and/or ALA was found to cause statistically significant reductions in plasma levels of IL-6 and plasminogen activator-1. In addition, treatment with irbesartan or irbesartan plus ALA decreased 8-isoprostane levels. No significant changes in blood pressure were noted in any of the study groups.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress in urine and plasma of operators at six Singapore printing centers and their association with several metrics of printer-emitted nanoparticle exposures
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Dhimiter Bello, Lucia Chanetsa, Costas A. Christophi, Dilpreet Singh, Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati, David C. Christiani, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Kee Woei Ng, Philip Demokritou
The main message of this comparative analysis is that urinary OS markers of DNA damage, for which more data is available, had higher mean values than would be expected in healthy controls without PEPs exposure and are comparable to those of occupational cohorts experiencing low to moderate level of OS (manufacturing and processing advanced nanocomposites and low exposure TiO2 manufacturing workers). The highest exposed group of TPE operators, however, experienced urinary OS levels for select biomarkers, such as 8OHdG and 8OHG, that were comparable to OS levels seen in welders and CNT/metal oxide workers (Figure S4, Supplementary File, Table S6). Urinary levels of 8-isoprostane (GM 0.27; Q1 0.09; Q4, 0.24 μg/g creatinine, a more common marker of lipid peroxidation reported in the literature, were within the expected range of 0.18–0.40 μg/g creatinine (Graille et al. 2020b), although several individuals had much higher 8-isoprostane values. The marker 4-HNE in urine was not measured frequently and no reliable comparisons can be made with the literature.
The Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Anxiety in a Healthy Older Population
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2021
Karen Savage, Davy Kingshott, Andrew Gubko, Alicia WT Thee, Tamer Burjawi, Kevin Croft, Jerome Sarris, Con Stough
Following identification of F2-Isoprostanes (8-iso-PGF2-α; Morrow et al., 1990; Roberts & Morrow, 2000) many studies have substantiated modulations in this OS marker across clinical disorders, strengthening its use as a reliable marker of systemic OS (Milne, Dai, & Roberts, 2015). One comprehensive meta-analysis quantitatively classified levels of oxidative damage measured by F2-Isoprostanes across 50 health conditions including Alzheimer’s typology, cardiovascular disease and depression (van t’Evre et al., 2017). Elevations were reported in 82% of studies included. A second analysis (Black, Bot, Scheffer, & Penninx, 2016) found a positive link between F2-Isoprostane levels and components of metabolic syndrome including blood pressure and waist circumference. Both papers indicate F2-Isoprostane levels are elevated in chronic physical conditions and disease, where raised levels are likely attributed to a broader allosteric stress occurring with conditions that are prominent with increased age.
Lipid peroxidation metabolites associated with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation stress in workers handling carbon nanotubes and metal oxide nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Wei-Te Wu, Wei-Ting Jung, Hui-Ling Lee
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that nano-sized or ultrafine particles can induce moderate ROS and inflammatory responses (Li, Xia, and Nel 2008). Furthermore, these particles are associated with carcinogenic processes, including structural DNA damage, epigenetic changes, and protein and lipid alterations. Gong et al. (2010) found that nano-SiO2 exposure could significantly induce genomic DNA hypomethylation in HaCaT cells, as well as ROS activity (Eom and Choi 2009). TiO2 nanoparticles have been found to have genotoxic potential and the ability to cause epigenetic changes in epithelial cells (Ghosh et al. 2017). Recently, several human and animal studies have examined the effects of environmental pollution on lipid peroxidation (Bollati et al. 2007). Significant evidence has also marked that environmental factors might modify lipid peroxidation, which has been associated with diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (Ono et al. 2012). Previous research has found 8-isoprostane in patients with a wide range of diseases, including vascular disease involving atherosclerosis and inflammation, Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and pulmonary diseases (Cracowski, Durand, and Bessard 2002; Morrow 2005). The results of this study provided the possibility of uncovering the mechanism between lipid peroxidation and diseases among workers handling NM.