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Natural Products in the Treatment of Unremitting Wounds Secondary to Diabetes or Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
There remains a high economic cost of diabetes, which accounts for approximately 10% of all healthcare expenditure (International Diabetes Federation, 2015). People with diabetes will spend 2–5 times more on healthcare in their lifetime than people without diabetes (Tabish, 2007). One study projected the global cost of diabetes to be 1.31 trillion US dollars in 2015 alone (Bommer et al., 2017). In addition to the economic costs, there is a significant social cost to diabetes. Diabetes can lead to an extensive risk to a person’s overall health. Heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney damage and nerve damage are common secondary complications of diabetes. Microvascular and macrovascular disease are common, with cardiovascular complications as a leading cause of mortality among people with diabetes (Zheng, Ley, and Hu, 2018). Diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are closely linked since diabetes is a known risk factor for developing arteriosclerosis and PAD (Murabito, D’Agostino, Silbershatz, and Wilson, 1997).
Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Diabetic nephropathy is a primary cause of chronic kidney disease. There is thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, glomerular sclerosis, and mesangial expansion. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus that results in kidney failure and death without treatment. The changes that occur lead to glomerular hypertension and a steady decline in the glomerular filtration rate. If there is systemic hypertension present, the progression of diabetic nephropathy may occur more quickly. It is usually asymptomatic until the development of nephrotic syndrome or renal failure. The detection of urinary albumin prompts the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Once the presence of diabetes is diagnosed, urinary albumin should be monitored regularly, at least once per year, by measuring the albumin: creatinine ratio. Diabetic nephropathy is managed with strict blood glucose and blood pressure control.
Regenerative Medicine in Pain Management
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Sharon McQuillan, Rafael Gonzalez
Neuropathic pain is one of the more difficult pain conditions to treat. Neuropathic pain is a progressive condition of the nervous system that is most often brought about by trauma, infection, or ischemia. Neuropathic pain symptoms include hyperalgesia and allodynia.36 Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.37 Common treatments for neuropathic pain involve pharmaceutical intervention to mask or diminish symptoms with little effectiveness and many side effects.
Effect of an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour in type 2 diabetic patients at a foot and eye care practice
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2023
B Pezeshki, S Orangi, SM Kashfi, P Afzali Harsini, F Mohammadkhah, A Khani Jeihooni
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases on a global scale.1 Due to the expanding number of affected individuals and the disease’s severity, these individuals should seek immediate medical assistance.2 Lack of precise blood glucose monitoring has been identified as a major issue for diabetics.3,4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes affects over 346 million people globally. Without intervention, this figure is anticipated to more than double by 2030.5 By 2030, it is anticipated that 9.2 million Iranians will have diabetes.6 Diabetes patients are at an increased risk of developing acute and fatal complications (diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and diabetes-related foot problems and amputation) due to poor blood sugar control.7 In the absence of therapy, diabetic foot is one of the most serious and debilitating complications of diabetes, resulting in infection, soft-tissue infection or necrosis, and amputation.8 Jordan believes that with attentive care, 80–85% of diabetic foot amputations can be avoided. Optimal diabetic foot management entails doing daily self-foot inspections, frequently washing and drying feet, avoiding walking barefoot, using orthopaedic shoes, clipping toenails straight across, avoiding manipulation of calluses and corns, and consulting a doctor on a regular basis.9
The effects of pomegranate peel extract on the gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Shahrokh Bagheri, Reza Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi, Vahideh Assadollahi, Peyman Khosravi, Ahmad Cheraghi Venol, Saeed Veiskerami, Hassan Ahmadvand
The chronic complications of diabetes are primary causes of disability and early mortality in people. The main complications of diabetes are metabolic and vascular (Chawla et al. 2016). Antioxidants in foods are powerful supplements that can reduce oxidative stress, and there is evidence that diets rich in antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress in patients with diabetes, especially those with type 2 diabetes (Lin et al. 2016). Numerous studies have shown that pomegranates play a central role in reducing diabetes-related complications such as nephropathy (Mollazadeh et al. 2016), and retinopathy and cataracts (Nabavi et al. 2015). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of APE in a rat model of diabetes. Our findings showed that APE treatment could probably delay or prevent kidney damage by modulating serum glucose, urea, creatinine, MDA, and GSH levels, as well as gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, and SOD) in the kidneys.
Effect of leukocyte-platelet fibrin-rich wound reconstruction followed by full-thickness skin grafting in the treatment of diabetic foot Wagner grade 4 ulcer gangrene (toe area)
Published in Platelets, 2023
Yuqi Wang, Yanyan Wang, Xiaotao Wang, Yi Zhao, Siyuan Ruan, Hong Cao
Diabetic foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and the leading cause of nontraumatic amputation. According to statistics, the total incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in the world is approximately 6.3%, and approximately 25% of patients have ulcer wounds that will not heal for the rest of their lives. At the same time, the probability of ulcer recurrence after ulcer healing is as high as 60%, and the extremely high recurrence rate of ulcers also increases the risk of amputation [1,2]. The gradual subsidence of limb sensation also makes the affected limb vulnerable to trauma but unable to be treated in time, which aggravates foot ulcers; such trauma includes friction from shoes, impact and crushing from objects, scalding, and even burns, which especially affect the toes of the diabetic foot [3,4]. In the most commonly used Wagner classification of diabetic foot ulcers, localized gangrene of the toes, heels or dorsum of the forefoot (grade 4) is second only to gangrene of the affected limb (grade 5) and is an extremely difficult wound to manage. The appearance of localized gangrene marks the destruction of the local blood supply and irreversible necrosis of soft tissue structures, often accompanied by local infection and soft tissue defects (mostly combined with trauma). If not handled properly, this condition can easily develop into larger areas of ulcers and gangrene and eventually lead to amputation (e.g., toe amputation) [1,5].