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Kidney Failure/Renal Insufficiency/Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Chronic kidney disease is the gradual progressive loss of kidney function persisting for more than three months. CKD is most commonly attributed to diabetes and hypertension and most patients with CKD are asymptomatic.1 The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing.2
Exercise testing in chronic kidney disease
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Pelagia Koufaki, Sharlene Greenwood, Jamie H. Macdonald
Chronic kidney disease is becoming a global health problem and a significant independent risk factor for increased mortality, morbidity and disability from noncommunicable diseases. A global estimated prevalence of CKD sits at 9.1%, with the largest proportion of people being in CKD stages 2–4 (GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, 2020). In the UK, about 7% of the adult population presents with CKD-3–5 (Health Survey for England, 2017).
Nephrology
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Diagnostic capacity is often a limiting factor in identifying underlying causes that can lead to renal failure. Renal replacement therapy is rarely available to migrant populations given the resources required. Monitoring at a basic level – with blood pressure, blood creatinine and urine albumin (by dipstick) – and optimisation of medications are, however, more feasible measures that may be of benefit during the forced migrant journey. This chapter covers presentation, examination and management of chronic kidney disease.
Kidney tissue elastography and interstitial fibrosis observed in kidney biopsy
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Mehmet Sami Islamoglu, Sibel Gulcicek, Nurhan Seyahi
Because of the high negative predictive value, we suggest that elastography should mainly be used as an exclusion test for the presence of fibrosis. However, we want to point out that because of the low number of patients with fibrosis our results should be confirmed in larger groups. Indeed, the most important limitation of our study was the small number of patients in the fibrosis group, since patients with proteinuria with new onset of chronic kidney disease or developing acute kidney disease rather than the end-stage chronic kidney disease group were included in the study. Despite these limitations, a significant relationship was observed between elastography measurements and fibrosis. If we included the patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease in whom fibrosis is more prevalent, the significant relationship could have been established more strongly. Further studies with more chronic kidney disease patients are needed.
Preventive and healing effect of high dosing grape seed flour on CKD patients of various stages and aetiologies
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Wiem Bejaoui, Mohamed Mahmoudi, Kamel Charradi, Monia Abbes-Belhadj, Habib Boukhalfa, Mossadok Ben-Attia, Ferid Limam, Ezzedine Aouani
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide issue and a non-communicable disease and diabetes, hypertension, medications as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, or infection-induced renal toxicity are major causes of CKD in developed and many developing countries (Webster et al. 2017). Nonetheless diabetes-induced CKD is one of the most devastating complications in terms of patients’ quality of life and survival and diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage renal disease (Yamazaki et al. 2021). CKD outcome is related to the severity of its pathological mechanisms, such as micro-vascular damage, oxidative and inflammation stresses, and fibrosis (Krolewski et al. 2017). The severity of CKD is generally quantified by a low serum creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR), reflecting excretory kidney function, and continuous proteinuria measured by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, which is a hallmark of kidney damage and an independent risk for the prediction of CKD worsening (Matsuoka-Uchiyama et al. 2022). At the present time there is no satisfactory treatment and management of CKD patients is limited to early detection or prevention, treatment of the underlying cause to slow down progression and counteract its comorbidities.
Clinical risk assessment of chronic kidney disease patients using genetic programming
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Arvind Kumar, Nishant Sinha, Arpit Bhardwaj, Shivani Goel
In this paper, we briefly highlighted the issue of chronic kidney disease and its impact. A clinical data set of 400 patients is taken from the UCI repository. ML techniques are proved to be a robust and feasible approach for identifying the potential risk of CKD on this clinical data-set. A new automatic diagnosis method for assessing CKD patients is proposed to help the medical urologist (doctors). This new GP-based approach is based on the natural evolution of species. The superiority of the GP with the newly proposed fitness function is proved for this risk assessment in this study. The beauty of the proposed technique is that the proposed technique gives an accuracy of 99.33%, and an AUC value of 0.99, even without any data prepossessing and feature selection techniques. Also, this proposed technique doesn’t require any specific knowledge and medical expertise. Thus, we conclude that the proposed technique is easy to use, feasible, and robust for the early detection of CKD. This early detection can save many patient’s life.