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Cervical Cancer Screening And Management In Pregnancy
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Vaidehi Mujumdar, Scott D. Richard
The cytologic evaluation of the cervix, known as the Pap smear, was developed in the 1940s by George Papanicolaou. The Bethesda System standardized terminology for reporting Pap smear cytology results in 1988 [1] and was subsequently updated in 2014 [2]. In response to the standardization of cytology results, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) initiated a process that developed comprehensive, evidence-based consensus guidelines to assist clinicians in managing abnormal cervical cytology results. The ASCCP screening guidelines were most recently updated in 2019 [3]. The 2019 guidelines expand on the idea of having equal management for equal risks that was a cornerstone of the 2012 guidelines [3].
Pathology of the Thyroid
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
This chapter briefly discusses the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in thyroid lesions and also summarizes the management protocol in thyroid lesions in relation with cytology findings. To minimize the disparity in diagnosis by clinicians, radiologists, and cytopathologists/pathologists, the Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid cytopathology (BSRTC) is presently the most popular and worldwide accepted reporting system. There are six diagnostic categories of FNAC of the thyroid with special emphasis on risk of malignancy (ROM).
Screening
Published in William Bonnez, Guide to Genital HPV Diseases and Prevention, 2019
Cytologic nomenclature is discussed in chapter 5. The one mandated by law in the United Stated is the Bethesda system, which also provides detailed guidelines on how to manage the patient with cervical cytologic abnormalities. These management guidelines have become quite complex and extensive. This section will only discuss the general principles of management, but the reader can access the full recommendations and algorithms, as well as the supporting literature on the web site of the the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) (http://www.asccp.org/consensus.shtml).
Analysis of the prevalence of human papillomavirus and abnormal anal cytology in women at risk
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Belen Lopez-Cavanillas, Cristina G. Benitez, Maria Serrano, Elena Sendagorta, Alicia Hernandez, Jose L. Bartha
Cervical and anal HPV genotyping and cytologies were performed on all women who accepted being included in the study and who signed the informed consent form. Both cervical and anal cytologies were collected by clinicians. We followed the recommended technique for the performance of anal cytology: in dorsal lithotomy position, a Dacron swab was blindly inserted 5–6 cm into the anal canal to adequately sample the anorectal transformation zone; the swab was rotated in a spiral pattern while maintaining firm pressure against the mucosa (Palefsky et al. 1997). Both cytologies were processed in a liquid medium for liquid-based cytology: Thin PrepTM (Cytyc Corporation Boxborough, MA). The terminology of the Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology in 2014 was used to report the results (Solomon et al. 2015).
Breast and cervical cancer screening for risk assessment in Cambodian women
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Rany Vorn, Eunjung Ryu, Sreynet Srun, Soonbok Chang, Insoo Suh, Woojung Kim
All participants underwent a Pap smear to confirm the cervical cytology, although six women refused cervical cancer screening. The nurses and gynaecologist explained the benefits of the Pap smear test after interviewing the participants and collected the cervical samples for diagnosis. For sample collection, a pap brush was applied to the surface of the cervix and transformation zone, including part of the endocervical canal, and the specimen was fixed on a glass slide. All cervical specimens underwent Papanicolaou staining, which is a multichromatic staining cytological technique. Staining results were classified based on the Bethesda system guidelines (Apgar et al. 2003) and examined for intraepithelial lesions and malignancies, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).
The impact of familial predisposition on the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
FNA findings from all included patients were classified according to the Bethesda system. Results show that there is statistically significant difference in distribution of patients classified as Bethesda 2 among the two study groups (p = 0.0073), while there was no difference between groups when analyzing patients classified as Bethesda 3, 4, 5, 6, or 5 + 6 combined. Thus, patients with negative family history of HT had significantly higher possibility to develop benign thyroid nodule (Bethesda 2), while patients with positive family history of HT had significantly higher possibility to develop atypia, suspicious or malignant nodules (non-Bethesda 2; Bethesda 3 to 6). In contrast to patients with Bethesda 2 finding, all other patients (mostly those with positive family history of HT) require further diagnostic workup. Fortunately, recent data show that there is no statistically significant difference between patients with Bethesda 2 and Bethesda 6 categories in patients with HT in family history [18]. Based on these results, benign thyroid disease does not seem to lead to the development of thyroid cancer; however, caution is needed to correctly establish the diagnosis after cytological classification of Bethesda 3 to 6, since some of these patients will ultimately develop thyroid cancer nevertheless.