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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Infection of the Bartholin gland located in the female labia majora should, like other abscesses, appear unilaterally warmer, and may be detectable even in the standing position. A non-infected Bartholin cyst should appear relatively cool. Vulvar varicosities should appear warm, similar to varicose veins at other sites. Herpes simplex of the vulvar skin will, like oral herpes, be undetectable while latent, but show localized warmth while in the prodromal or active stages. Extensive hyperthermia may occur during an initial herpes attack. The thermal appearance of genital warts (condyloma accuminata) has not been reported, but they should appear cool as do other viral skin growths. More study of the external female genitalia is warranted using improved imager technology under proper thermographic conditions.
Vulvar and Vaginal Trauma and Bartholin Gland Disorders
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Malak El Sabeh, Mostafa A. Borahay
Bartholin glands are 0.5-cm alveolar glands located in the lower right and left portions of the vaginal opening at the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions. They are connected to ducts situated between the labia minor and the hymenal edge, and they secrete mucus that lubricates the vulva and vagina.
Clinical examination
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Integrated Contraceptive and Sexual Healthcare, 2018
Sarah Bekaert, Alison White, Kathy French, Kevin Miles
Palpate the following structures: Inguinal area - appreciate abnormal lymphadenopathy.Labia majora - appreciate Bartholin gland (pea size).
Teaching Puberty for LGBTQIA + Diversity, Inclusion, and Beyond: A New Model of Expansive Pubertal Understanding
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
It is also essential to discuss the various levels or forms of desire. Desire itself is variable, not only between people (such as asexual individuals or people with high levels of sexual drive), but also within people (and over the life span). It is important that these are overtly recognized, and that an increase of sexual desire that is often accompanying pubertal physical transformation is not given a “target”. Sexual desire may be strong or light or not present, sexual desire may be focused on the self and self-pleasure, or relating to others. Those others may be of diverse bodies and genders. Just because the body can procreate, does not mean that it is heterosexual in desire. For example, when talking about lubrication from the Bartholin glands, one cannot assume that that lubrication is preparing the vagina for a penis. Similarly, when talking about ejaculation, one does not assume that it is occurring inside a vagina. The conversation on sexual ability, desire, and direction, allows for a much richer and more inclusive conversation; also one that is better framed for discussions about sexual consent. This new conversation can welcome many sexualities into a positive discussion on puberty, and one which puts health, physical, and psychological wellbeing, at the forefront.
The ins and outs of drug-releasing vaginal rings: a literature review of expulsions and removals
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Peter Boyd, Ruth Merkatz, Bruce Variano, R. Karl Malcolm
Even though the ring resides around the cervix, expulsion can occur during sexual arousal since the vaginal vault undergoes physical transformation known as tenting or ballooning [86,87]. Just prior to coitus, there is increased muscular tension in the body that draws the uterus upward resulting in more space in the vaginal vault. There are also increased secretions from the vaginal wall, the cervix, and the two Bartholin glands located at the entrance to the vagina that keep the vagina lubricated during arousal and reduce friction during penetration. Depending upon the extent of these physical changes, which vary widely between women, the ring may be expelled. After sex, the vaginal canal rapidly returns to its previous size. If the ring has been expelled, it can be reinserted in accordance with specific product instructions (Table 2).
Recurrence of Bartholin gland mucinous adenocarcinoma managed with posterior exenteration: a case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Nikolaos Blontzos, Christos Iavazzo, Eirini Giovannopoulou, Natasa Novkovic, Victoria Psomiadou, George Vorgias
BGC affects predominantly postmenopausal women—with a mean age of 53 years (Ouldamer et al. 2014)—and it presents as a painless mass in the posterior part of labium major, or less commonly as abnormal bleeding, burning sensation, pruritus or dyspareunia. The potential etiologic role of high risk HPV has been recently demonstrated by Nazeran et al (2019). Because of its nonspecific symptoms, it is crucial to be differentiated from benign Bartholin gland pathologies such as cysts, abscesses, endometriosis, chanchroid and syphilis, as well as vulvar cancer. A biopsy, thus, should be performed in any suspicious lesion, in order to diagnose BGC based on the criteria set by Chamlian and Taylor (1972). US have applications in the pre-operative assessment of complicated superficial lesions and MRI is an advanced modality for Bartholin glands pathology (Chaudhari et al. 2010).