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Common vulvar and vaginal complaints
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Puberty is a time of rapid growth of the genitalia. At times growth occurs asymmetrically, or the labia minora become more prominent than the labia majora, especially in the absence of significant body fat. Adolescent girls, sometimes prompted by their mothers, other times through their own concerns, are presenting with increasing frequency for evaluation of labial hypertrophy. Whether because of increased internet availability of idealized genital images, including in pornography or exposure through marketing for genital aesthetic procedures, there has been a marked increase in girls seeking labioplasty, or surgical reduction of the labia minora. Labial hypertrophy, referring to the excessive growth or elongation of the labia minora, yet lacks a uniform definition, as the “normal” appearance of the labia minora varies widely. There have been no large anatomic surveys documenting labia minora size in adolescent girls, and studies in adults can demonstrate a range of normal from 3 to 50 mm.4
Vagina dialogues
Published in Gabriele Griffin, Malin Jordal, Body, Migration, Re/Constructive Surgeries, 2018
The construction of the ‘designer vagina’ incorporates a number of different procedures, known as female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS). Labiaplasty or labia reduction, sometimes also called vulvaplasty, is a surgery to reshape or reduce the labia minora. This surgery is perhaps the most common and is associated largely with young women and sometimes girls. On the other hand, vaginoplasty or vaginal rejuvenation/tightening, where the inner vagina walls and muscles can be reshaped and tightened to produce a more toned and tight vagina, is more commonly associated with older, especially post-childbirth women. Hymenoplasty, or hymen repair/re-virgination, where a torn hymen is repaired or rebuilt to a ‘virginal state’ is most frequently performed for religious, ethnic or cultural reasons (see Mahadeen, and Wild et al. in this volume). Other, less common but important surgeries are: hoodectomy, where the clitoral hood is reduced to tuck all the inner parts of the vulva inside the labia majora, or alternatively to expose more of the clitoris, rendering it more sensitive; G-spot augmentation, which is a non-surgical procedure using dermal fillers injected into the G-spot area, with the aim of increasing the likelihood and intensity of the female orgasm; and fat transfer to the labia majora (outer lips) or pubic mound, to reshape these areas for a ‘better’ aesthetic appearance (Goodman, 2009).
Gynaecology
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
The female external genitalia are described as the vulva, which is bordered by the mons veneris anteriorly and the labi- ocrural folds posterolaterally. The opposing skin that covers the introitus is known as the labia majora. The labia minora are folds of skin that fuse anteriorly around the clitoris, which contains erectile tissue similar to the penis in the male. The posterior part of the introitus is referred to as the fourcette, and this stretches considerably during childbirth to allow delivery of the baby.
Exploring the motivations for pursuing operative labiaplasty in Chinese patients
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Shuai Qiang, Feng Yong Li, Yu Zhou, Qiang Li, Bao Qiang Song
This retrospective review was performed on all patients who sought labia minora reduction surgery at our clinic from January 2018 until December 2019. The investigation was carried out by three postgraduates and two residents, who received training to introduce research methods, questionnaire design and distribution, and data acquisition processes. After the patients finished their consultation, an investigator would show them a Quick Response Code to scan by cell phone, which linked to the questionnaire without recording their personal information to maintain confidentiality. If the patients were confused about the content, researchers had to clarify the questions to ensure their understanding. After the patients completed and anonymously submitted the questionnaire, the system would collect the data, which researchers could analyse and statistically evaluated.
Gayzing Women’s Bodies: Criticisms of Labia Depend on the Gender and Sexual Orientation of Perceivers
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Flora Oswald, Cory L. Pedersen, Jes L. Matsick
Increasingly, women in Western countries are seeking genital cosmetic surgery to align their bodies with sociocultural ideals (Chibnall et al., 2019; Clerico et al., 2017). Labiaplasty – removing portions of the labia minora with the aim of rendering them minimally visible beneath the labia majora (Jones & Nurka, 2015; Sharp et al., 2016) – is among the most commonly sought forms of female genital cosmetic surgery in the United States and, in 2020, was globally the 16th most common plastic surgery procedure overall (International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2020). Most women pursue labiaplasty for aesthetic reasons (Crouch et al., 2011; Goodman et al., 2010; Veale et al., 2014), which has raised concern regarding the stigmatization of naturally diverse labial appearances and the corresponding perpetuation of narrow labial ideals (Braun, 2019; see also Skoda et al., 2021).
Evaluations of Black and White Female Genitalia by Labiaplasty Status: A Pre-Registered Contextualization, Replication, and Extension of Findings on Labial Perceptions
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Flora Oswald, Kari A Walton, Devinder Khera, Amanda Champion, Cory L. Pedersen
Labiaplasty refers to a type of female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) that involves removing parts of the labia minora, usually to make the labia smaller in size and/or appear more symmetrical (Goodman, 2011; Goodman et al., 2010; Gunter, 2019). This form of FGCS is prevalent and quickly growing in popularity; in 2016, labiaplasty procedures increased by 39% in the United States, with over 12,000 operations taking place (American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2016); more recently in 2019, more than 11,000 labiaplasties were recorded (American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 2019). Notably, we were unable to find comprehensive statistics on labiaplasty-seeking by race or by gender status (e.g., transgender individuals); such data would help elucidate potential differences or similarities in labiaplasty procedures.