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Sexual Health
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Painful intercourse: It’s hard to feel desire for or have fun with intercourse if it’s a painful experience for you. The decline in estrogen levels after menopause can cause a decrease in vaginal lubrication, loss of vaginal elasticity, and thinning of vaginal tissue. This results in a range of symptoms from vaginal dryness and tightness to sharp, shearing pain during penetration. Some women feel intense soreness or burning in the vulva or vaginal area after sex, even if intercourse is not painful. Upward of 45% of postmenopausal women report that intercourse is painful.
Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to attain or sustain an erection for sexual intercourse. It is a complication of diabetes as well as vascular, neurologic, psychologic, and hormonal disorders. Retrograde ejaculation involves semen being ejaculated backward into the bladder instead of outward through the penis. Decreased vaginal lubrication is another condition related to diabetes, which results in vaginal dryness.
Menopause transition
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
The clear biological effects of menopause transition on women’s sexuality include reduced basal vaginal-fluid production, an estrogen- dependent process37,38 which occurs in direct relation to menopausal status. The reduction of vaginal fluid results not only in vaginal discomfort and even trauma during sexual intercourse, but also a woman’s level of sexual arousal tends to he judged by the amount and ease of vaginal lubrication achieved. Thus, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia and perceived low sexual response are all linked and presented as problems for treatment by menopausal women seeking help.
The Effects of Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Intrauterine Devices on Female Sexual Function: A Systematic Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2023
Katherine Ogle, Ariel B. Handy
Nine studies measured the effects of IUDs on vaginal lubrication. Three articles were assessed as being high quality and six articles were assessed as being moderate quality. Of these nine studies, four noted no significant between-group differences in lubrication (Bastianelli et al., 2011; Koseoglu et al., 2016; Skrzypulec & Drosdzol, 2008; Umran & Melike, 2016). For example, two studies found no notable differences in lubrication between women with a Cu-IUD (Koseoglu et al., 2016) or LNG-IUD (Skrzypulec & Drosdzol, 2008) and women not using contraceptives, though poorer lubrication in IUD users has been noted elsewhere (Fataneh et al., 2013; Sakinci et al., 2016). A large study by Hassanin et al. (2018) partially supported neutral effects of IUDs with results indicating no significant differences in FSFI lubrication scores between Egyptian women with Cu-IUDs (n = 45) and women not using contraceptives (n = 100). However, they did report better lubrication in Cu-IUD users (n = 45) than in women using progestin injectables (n = 22), combined oral pills (n = 21), or progestin-only pills (n = 19).
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause in Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Published in Climacteric, 2021
X. Ruan, L. Zhang, Y. Cui, M. Gu, A. O. Mueck
One of the three most commonly observed symptoms in our study was vaginal dryness (91.60%), which can be caused during the menopausal transit due to decreased vaginal lubrication and vaginal atrophy, and may lead to other symptoms of GSM, such as burning, itching, bleeding, leucorrhea, dyspareunia and dysuria [29]. The Latin American cross-sectional study Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) showed that 28.7% of early premenopausal women aged 40–44 years noted vaginal dryness, rising to a percentage of 37.5% in premenopausal women ≥45 years of age and to 49.8% in late perimenopausal/early postmenopausal women [30]. Over the 17 years of the US SWAN, 1470 women (60%) reported vaginal dryness [31]. The significantly higher prevalence in our study may be explained by the fact that the REDLINC study failed to evaluate the prevalence in postmenopausal women, and women in the SWAN were asked to report vaginal dryness during the previous 2 weeks, which may have some recall bias and not reflect the true prevalence.
Vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause and its impact on sexual function in an Italian clinical cohort of post-menopausal women
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Rossella E. Nappi, Maurizio Guida, Diego Marchesoni, Antonio Cianci, Antonio Pellegrino, Valentino Remorgida, Tiziana Di Paolantonio, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
Among the adjustments associated with the oestrogen decrease, vaginal dryness is the most frequent symptom, as well as one of the major contributors to the sexual dysfunction associated with VVA (Levine et al. 2008). In addition, dryness, along with other symptoms such as dyspareunia, decreased vaginal lubrication, and postcoital bleeding are of the utmost importance as determining factors of quality of life impairment in women (Nappi, Kingsberg, et al. 2013; Freedman 2014). Surprisingly, these troublesome symptoms are frequently considered by menopausal women as the normal outcome of age and menopausal status (Bachmann and Nevadunsky 2000; Nappi and Kokot-Kierepa 2010), resulting in underreporting by healthcare providers (HCP) (Gandhi et al. 2016). Moreover, symptoms of VVA are also associated with psychosocial distress (Nappi and Kokot-Kierepa 2012; Nappi, Cucinella, et al. 2016; Nappi, Palacios, et al. 2016) and with communication issues between patients and physicians owing to the embarrassment of patients when discussing their sexual lives (Latif and Diamond 2013).