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Face Masks and Hand Sanitizers
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Mahnoor Zahid, Maham Saeed, Izaz Ahmad, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Rizwan Ahmad
COVID-19 pandemic began in the Chinese city “Wuhan” as the number of cases were reported at the end of December 2019 [1]. COVID-19 is a disease like pneumonia occurs because of SARS-COV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. The disease has similarity with Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East Respiratory disease, also known as MERS [2]. As the spreading risk of coronavirus enhanced in China, WHO announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30-01-2020. In the announcement, WHO reported about 170 deaths due to viral disease which was later named “COVID-19.” As the COVID-19 spread continued, WHO referred to it a “Pandemic” [3].
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Published in Patricia G. Melloy, Viruses and Society, 2023
Some may also wonder that if we only knew that SARS-CoV-2 was coming our way, the United States could have done more to prepare for a pandemic. The WHO has a pandemic warning system and declared a “public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)” on January 30, 2020, because of the novel coronavirus epidemic. Most countries except those affected by SARS basically ignored the warning (Maxmen 2021b). When looking at the missed opportunities by the U.S. federal government to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, one can point out at least three major events. The first would be the lack of transparency on the part of the Chinese government, preventing the CDC from sending a team to China in January. The second is the failure of adequate testing in the United States as mentioned earlier, and finally is the lack of clear consistent messaging on the value of masking in protecting individuals from a respiratory virus, especially one that spread at least half the time through individuals without any symptoms (Wright 2021).
Emerging Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches to Mitigate COVID-19 Pandemic
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Maria Shoukat, Samiullah Khan, Arshad Islam, Maleeha Azam, Malik Badshah
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a serious health threat to the globe. The total number of cases around the globe had reached 178,587,177 by June 19, 2020, with mortality cases of around 3,866,643 in numbers inspiring a sprint to find new approaches to prevent, diagnose, and treat this viral infection (Worldometer 2021). This viral infection of COVID-19 is a pulmonary disease with symptoms of fever, pneumonia, sore throat, respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and shortness of breath, or dyspnea. Since the preliminary epidemic starting in December 2019 in Wuhan (China), the virus has spread globally with an exponential growth rate. Keeping in view, the pandemic situation, the World Health Organisation (WHO) revealed it as “Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)” on January 30, 2020. Furthermore, the outbreak was declared as “Pandemic” later, on March 11, 2020 (Boopathi et al. 2020).
Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic: current status and possible strategies for detection and treatment of the disease
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Stuti Bhagat, Nisha Yadav, Juhi Shah, Harsh Dave, Shachee Swaraj, Shashank Tripathi, Sanjay Singh
Initially, the outbreak of the COVID-19 was reported at the Huanan seafood market of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, where about 66% working population of the market were found to be affected [28]. On 1 January 2020, the market was shut down entirely, and toward the end of January 2020, many areas of China (Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong, etc.) were found to be affected by the disease [29]. Concomitantly, the disease was also spread to about 190 countries, as the outbreak was a global concern. WHO declared that as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020; it was declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Figure 2(b) shows the disease’s outbreak and the total number of infections (black curve) and deaths (red curve) that occurred worldwide due to COVID-19 [30].
Correlation of biochemical profile at admission with severity and outcome of COVID-19
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Abdullah Sadiq, Muhammad Khurram, Javaria Malik, Noman Ahmed Chaudhary, Muhammad Mujeeb Khan, Tahira Yasmeen, Hamza Waqar Bhatti
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, causing a cluster of pneumonia cases[1]. Rapid dissemination and novelty of the disease with a lack of specific intervention resulted in an epidemic[2]. As the disease became a global concern, it was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus is an enveloped positive-sense RNA virus that matures in epithelial cells and mainly causes respiratory infection, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) in humans[3]. Recent data suggests COVID-19 to be regarded as a multi-systemic disease involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, hematopoietic, and immune system [4–6].
Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
On the 30th of January, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).6 A set of recommendations for personal protective equipment (PPE) based on the experience of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV have been released.7 This set of recommendation includes wearing goggles or faceshield for protection against ocular transmission of the CoV. Interestingly, the evidence of ocular transmission has not been well studied. However, CoV ocular infection has been well established in various animals. In some cases, such as CoVs which affect the murine and feline orders, they can cause sight-threating ocular complications. Such evidence suggests that CoVs can shed and even infect ocular issues. More research has to be done to understand the ocular manifestation of human CoVs.