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The Role of Natural Products in COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Iqra Akhtar, Sumera Javad, Tehreema Iftikhar, Amina Tariq, Hammad Majeed, Asma Ahmad, Muhammad Arfan, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
It belongs to the family Ranunculaceae and also known as black cumin/black seed. It is known to have antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-cancerous activities. It has also been suggested as probable herbal care and treatment for SARS COVID-19 sickness [143]. In COVID-19 immune system is over-activated, also called “cytokine storm.” During this process a huge number of cytokines and chemokines are produced, which causes an increased production of micro-thrombus. This leads to multiple organ failure. This hyper activated immune cell response during COVID-19 infection is considered as the main reason for the complexity of patients and ultimately their death. It has been, therefore, suggested by the number of researchers and medical experts that aggressive immunomodulatory treatment at the start of COVID-19 infection an increase the survival percentage and probability of the patient [144, 145].
Trauma in the Elderly
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Changes in myocardial contractility reduce cardiac reserve and impair responses to blood loss. Hypovolaemia may be poorly tolerated by patients with longstanding hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.50 Medications may impair a normal response to hypovolaemia. Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists may abolish the body’s ability to mount a compensatory tachycardia or may reduce peripheral vasoconstriction. A decline in renal function may also impair the ability to cope with haemodynamic disturbance. Failure to recognize and institute early treatment for circulatory insufficiency may lead to increased risk of multiple organ failure.
Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Patients who meet one of the following criteria: Respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation.Shock.Multiple organ failure, requiring ICU monitoring and treatment.
Development and validation of a prediction model for the early occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Simin Wu, Qin Zhou, Yang Cai, Xiangjie Duan
An increase in age is associated with a decline in renal function. Patients with acute pancreatitis have a higher incidence rate of developing AKI associated with deterioration of physiological functioning with age [15]. In addition, age is a known predictor of AP severity and mortality [16]. For example, older patients have a higher risk of developing systemic complications, such as multiple organ failure [15]. The risk of developing kidney diseases varies amongst different ethnicities. For example, African Americans have a 2–4 times higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease than Caucasians. In addition, African Americans have a higher risk of developing AKI than Caucasians. These differences may be attributed to differences in economic conditions, social status, and genetics between African Americans and Caucasians. However, the present study revealed that Caucasians with acute pancreatitis were more likely to develop AKI than African Americans, possibly due to their diet and a higher basal metabolic rate [17].
ROS-mediated inflammatory response in liver damage via regulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway in mice with trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2022
Feng Wang, Yiting Hong, Wei Jiang, Yican Wang, Muyue Chen, Dandan Zang, Qixing Zhu
Multiple organ failure, especially that of the liver, is a common reason for death among THS patients. Laboratory tests confirm that most THS patients often present with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, as well as of total bilirubin (TBIL) and total bile acid (TBA) (Jung et al. 2012). Ultrasonography often reveals abnormal echoes in the liver, hepatomegaly, and thickening of the gall bladder in THS patients (Pantucharoensri et al. 2004; Xu et al. 2009). In addition, animal studies have evaluated these induced liver histopathological changes in more detail, and have demonstrated increased incidences of cellular swelling, vacuolar degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration (Wang et al. 2015). It is thus clear that both the structure and function of the liver are compromised during TCE sensitization. Unfortunately, the complex mechanisms underlying all of these changes during THS still remain largely undefined.
Does Serum Vitamin D Level Affect COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity?-A Case-Control Study
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Kun Ye, Fen Tang, Xin Liao, Benjamin A. Shaw, Meiqiu Deng, Guangyi Huang, Zhiqiang Qin, Xiaomei Peng, Hewei Xiao, Chunxia Chen, Xiaochun Liu, Leping Ning, Bangqin Wang, Ningning Tang, Min Li, Fan Xu, Shao Lin, Jianrong Yang
The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing globally and poses a major public health challenge (1). As of September 5, 2020 there are 26,383,872 confirmed cases and 870,126 deaths worldwide (2). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes illness ranging from common cold to pneumonia (3). It has been reported that about 19% of patients with COVID-19 have severe symptoms and require hospitalization (3). Of those hospitalized, 3.37%–17% of patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and 5.0%–26.1% patients are admitted to intensive care units (4, 5). It has been reported that one in ten hospitalized patients progress rapidly and develop fatal multiple organ failure (4). In the early stages of the outbreak, the mortality rate in adults with cases of COVID-19 severe enough to require hospitalization has been reported to be as high as 28% (6). Limited case reports have reported that elderly, males, and people with comorbidities and excessive immune activation may be particularly susceptible to severe COVID-19 disease or progression to death (3, 6). No broadly effective treatment is currently available.