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Systemic complications following vascular reconstruction
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
Srihari K. Lella, Mark F. Conrad
Acute respiratory failure can be caused by a problem with oxygenation that leads to hypoxemia, a problem with ventilation that leads to hypercapnia, or a combination of both. Management includes identification and correction of any underlying cause (e.g., pneumothorax, aspiration, airway occlusion). Hypoxemia is managed by increasing the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and/or fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). Improvement in minute ventilation by increasing the tidal volumes or respiratory rate will reduce the CO2 retention seen in hypercapnia. With the persistence of respiratory failure and a significant underlying systemic inflammatory response, the patient may develop ARDS.
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Qin Li Jiang
Neck and oropharyngeal muscle weakness is typically associated. Signs of impending respiratory failure include: Difficulty clearing secretions or swallowing saliva.Severe dysphagia.Head drop.Rapid and shallow breathing.Using accessory muscles for breathing.Low forced vital capacity (FVC) or negative inspiratory pressure (NIF).
Clinical Workflows Supported by Patient Care Device Data
Published in John R. Zaleski, Clinical Surveillance, 2020
Further underscoring these findings is the issue of failure to detect potentially mortal respiratory failure in patients. One study estimated that on inpatient wards (i.e., general care floors), nursing staff did not detect 90% of patients who had one continuous hour of oxygen saturation below 90% (a measure of hypoxemia in adult patients) [86, 96].
An expert overview of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
Rohit Gupta, Jin Sun Kim, Robert P Baughman
Monitoring of patients with advanced pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis has not been standardized due to lack of good quality evidence. Expert consensus suggests longitudinal observation with pulmonary function testing and serial imaging can provide useful information for both management and prognostication [27,44,103]. FVC on spirometry has been noted to be a reliable marker of CT changes and can help elucidate clinical changes in fibrotic disease [27,104]. Patients may have acute exacerbations of disease, sometimes related to infection in sarcoidosis-associated bronchiectasis [105]. Others may develop complications including pulmonary hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, or infection-related hemoptysis [12,27,106]. Respiratory failure resulting from multiple factors and death can occur in a minority of patients.
COVID-19 outcomes in a large pediatric hematology-oncology center in Houston, Texas
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2021
Kala Y. Kamdar, Taylor O. Kim, Erin E. Doherty, Thomas M. Pfeiffer, Shawki L. Qasim, Mary Nell Suell, Amber M. Yates, Susan M. Blaney
The findings of this study build on previous publications showing a low mortality rate of COVID-19 disease in pediatric cancer populations. Respiratory failure has been reported in 0–8.5% of patients included in studies from multiple countries.6–8,10 In 54 children with cancer in the United Kingdom, 3 patients required ICU care and no patients died.11 In a recent report from New York and New Jersey hospitals, 98 children with cancer were evaluated; 7 required mechanical ventilation and COVID-19 was thought to contribute to clinical deterioration in two complex patients who died.9 Current data from an American Society of Hematology registry show that 4% of the 72 children and adolescents with hematologic malignancy in the registry have died, compared to 25% of adults included in the registry.34
Pre-existing COPD is associated with an increased risk of mortality and severity in COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Golam Rabbani, Sheikh Mohammad Shariful Islam, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Nuhu Amin, Bushra Marzan, Rishad Choudhury Robin, Sheikh M. Alif
The increased risk of mortality due to COVID-19 with pre-existing COPD could be attributed to several factors. The underlying clinical explanation could be, COPD patients had breathing difficulty along with lower lung function, abnormal lung structure, and dysfunctional immunity [2,51]. Pathogenic infections are common causes of acute exacerbation of COPD, which may lead to respiratory failure in many patients [16]. Therefore, COVID-19 patients combined with COPD increased the risk of severe acute exacerbation of COPD, which resulted in respiratory failure and deaths. Besides, the majority of COPD patients have various comorbidities that may also be associated with mortality. An observational study from China reported that COVID-19 patients with COPD were more likely to have comorbidities, including hypertension, CHD, CVD, CKD, and cancer than non-COPD patients [2].