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Disorders of Consciousness, Disability Rights, and Triage During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Published in Joel Michael Reynolds, Christine Wieseler, The Disability Bioethics Reader, 2022
Let us begin with coma, which is an eyes-closed state of unconsciousness. A coma after traumatic brain injury can last a week or two and can be a precursor to brain death or recovery. Comas can also be induced and prolonged with sedative medication, a therapeutic strategy sometimes used to promote recovery after brain trauma.
Trauma of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Fernando D. Goldenberg, Ali Mansour
Concussion is derived from the Latin word concussus, which means “to shake violently.” Concussion is a frequently encountered form of mild head injury, and the most common form of head injury in athletes. According to the Brain Trauma Foundation, in the United States alone, there are over 2.5 million cases of concussion annually. The term cerebral concussion has been used interchangeably with mild TBI. Interestingly, there has been a large amount of variability in the definitions of concussion developed over the past 30 years. One core feature to all definitions, however, is the rapid onset of impairment of neurologic function, which most often and typically resolves spontaneously over a short time frame.19
Developing Education and Treatment Protocols for Substance Use Disorders That Are Socially Responsible, Accountable, and Integrated
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
It is common for those struggling with an SUD to have experienced physical, emotional, or sexual consequences within their environment. Examples of traumas include: car accidents, fights, accidents involving physical injury, mourning the death of a loved one, physical pain, mental instability, physical and emotional abuse, grief and loss, and sexual assault. Additionally, there is a possibility of some undiagnosed concussion or brain trauma either unreported or untreated.
Neuroimaging in professional combat sports: consensus statement from the association of ringside physicians
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2023
Neuroimaging serves three distinct roles in the individualized care of the combat sports athlete. Neuroimaging prior to licensure helps to identify and/or exclude coincidental or clinically suspected brain lesions which may pose a risk for rupture, bleeding, or other catastrophic brain injury during a bout/training, representing a step toward personalized medicine and individual risk stratification of a combat sports athlete.Neuroimaging in the immediate aftermath of a bout primarily serves to rule out acute life-threatening traumatic brain injury such as SDH and other significant acute injury such as skull fracture.Neuroimaging may also be conducted to assess for evidence of prior structural brain injury associated with brain trauma. Prevailing hypothesis is that this makes a combat sports athlete more likely to express late life neuropsychologic sequelae such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), or dementia pugilistica/punch drunk syndrome. Serial neuroimaging could help identify these at-risk athletes if progressive structural and functional changes are present over time. In these athletes, structural and functional neuroimaging could play a prognostic role and aid in determining whether the combatant should be allowed to continue to participate in future bouts.
Comparison of head impact frequency and magnitude in youth tackle football and ice hockey
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Julia Meliambro, Clara Karton, Janie Cournoyer, Andrew Post, T. Blaine Hoshizaki, Michael D. Gilchrist
Brain trauma results when the neuronal tissues experience a magnitude of strain that causes either a pathophysiological cascade or structural deficit that affects function, which in the case of concussion presents as symptoms, but also may be asymptomatic (sub-concussive) (Meaney and Smith 2011; Prins et al. 2013; Giza and Hovda 2014; Post and Hoshizaki 2015). In a sporting environment such as tackle football or ice hockey, these impact induced strains of the brain tissue can come from multiple event types, and it is important to understand how players are being impacted so that these high risk events can be reduced. Recently there has been investigations into youth ice hockey event types and how they contribute to brain strains (Chen et al. 2020; Post et al. 2021), but no similar comparison has been made to tackle football to determine if the youths experience similar brain trauma loads during game play. There has been relatively little brain strain magnitude research in tackle football for youth populations, with the majority focused on the elite athletes (Pellman et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2004; Karton et al. 2020).
Number of prior concussions predict poorer concussion care seeking in military cadets
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
Julianne D. Schmidt, Melissa Anderson, Michelle Weber Rawlins, Craig A. Foster, Brian R. Johnson, Christopher D’Lauro
Failing to seek timely medical care following concussion increases residual symptom burdens and sensitivities to future brain trauma, which interferes with military duty profiles and athletic performance, and overall quality of life (1–4). Medical treatment received after concussion diagnosis, such as recommendations for acute rest and initial symptom management, likely mitigate vulnerability to subsequent concussions and reduce recovery time (5). Without seeking care, Service members with concussion cannot receive timely treatments, such as recommendations for rest and rehabilitation. Timely concussion care seeking decreases morbidity and mitigates secondary brain injury (2,6). Cerebral vascular vulnerability during the acute window leaves Service members or athletes that continue participation in duty or sport exposed to adverse secondary brain injury that may lead to delayed recovery, further injury, or more negative outcomes (4,6–8). Military cadets and athletes with previous undiagnosed concussions have greater risk of sustaining subsequent concussions (7) and delayed care seeking predisposes military cadets and athletes to 3–5 greater days of recovery (6). Further, underestimating the importance of rest during the acute stages of concussion recovery has been associated with a higher symptom burden (8). In a military setting, this means an increased risk of subsequent injury that reduces military readiness and delays returns to active duty.