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Disease(s) at the Society’s Hospitals in the latter years of the twentieth century
Published in Gordon C Cook, Disease in the Merchant Navy, 2019
Artificial pneumothorax was at that time the most usual form of management of pulmonary disease; other procedures were: thoracoscopy, phrenic avulsion/crush and thoracoplasty. Mean length of treatment seems to have varied between 200 and 400 days.
The Twentieth Century
Published in Arturo Castiglioni, A History of Medicine, 2019
tuberculosis of the lungs, Artificial pneumothorax was advocated in 1882 by Carlo forlanini (1847–1918), of Pavia, a prominent scholar, who had devoted exhaustive studies to mechancial problems of disease. The first case was published by him in 1894, but only in later times was the value of this method recognized. In 1906 he published his results after twelve years of experience. This treatment is now universally accepted as the most efficient therapy of tuberculosis. The introduction of air into the pleural cavity for therapeutic purposes had been suggested as far back as 1822 by Carson of Liverpool. In the United States artificial pneumothorax, introduced by John B. Murphy of Chicago and his school, has become widely adopted. In 1910 Hans Christian jacobÆUS (1879–1937), of Stockholm* worked out a method of crushing the adhesions of the chest wall. Many clinicians suggested different changes in the technique of the artificial pneumothorax, among them Maurizio ascoli, of Palermo, who performed bilateral pneumothorax. It appears from statistics published by Drolet that in recent years about fifty per cent of the patients in tuberculosis sanatoriums are treated by collapse therapy. If surgical methods are required, many doctors prefer lobectomy or pneumonectomy to thoracotomy. The most favourable indications are given by the cases of monolobar tuberculosis with infection of the bronchi in which an artificial pneumothorax will not be of much help.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Collapse Therapy Tuberculosis therapy, popular in the early 1900s. The principle is to rest the lungs and the methods employed included artificial pneumothorax, phrenic crush, apicolysis and thoracoplasty. Liverpool physician, James Carson (1772–1843), performed an open pneumothorax as treatment for tuberculosis in 1820. Phrenic crush, together with induction of pneumoperitoneum, to reduce the volume of the affected lung and raise the diaphragm, was introduced by Andrew Ladislaus Banyani (b 1893) in 1934-Apicolysis, a method of collapsing the affected apical lobe of the lung by removal of the adjacent bony structure of the chest wall, was originally suggested by Carl Boye Semb (b 1895) of Scandinavia in 1935. Thoracoplasty was introduced a few years later by several workers, including P.D. Crimm. The method of extrapleural pneumolysis was introduced in 1935, but it was abandoned because of the high rate of infection in the extrapleural space. See artificial pneumothorax.
Optimization of pleural multisite anesthetic technique during CT-guide microwave ablation of peripheral lung malignancy for improving treatment tolerance
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Hao Hu, Fulei Gao, Jinhe Guo, Gaojun Teng, Zhi Wang, Bo Zhai, Rong Liu, Jiachang Chi
The development of intraoperative pain during the MWA results in a more technically challenging procedure, and quick-acting analgesic should necessitate hospital admission. Various technical approaches have been published to reduce the incidence of pain, with a focus on reduction of the pleural stimulation. In 2005, Yasui et al. found that epidural anesthesia could not reduce the incidence of severe pain during ablation [9]. In a review of the literature, general anesthesia was found to be used for thermal ablation in approximately half of the centers involved in the studies reviewed. General anesthesia could be associated with various complications and additional expenditure [10]. A number of subsequent studies have reported variable results on the effects of artificial pneumothorax during ablation [11,12]. Artificial pneumothorax is demonstrated to thermal ablation for relieving chest pain and protecting the mediastina and the chest wall [13]; however, studies using this technique may not achieve the satisfactory safety [14–19]. Artificial pneumothorax need compress the pulmonary parenchyma and decrease alveolar air. Decreased alveolar air can alter electrical and thermal conductivity, affecting the ablation zone. Patients with pleural adhesions occurring after pulmonary surgery or lung cancer radiotherapy are also not suitable for this therapy.
Thomas Mann’s depiction of neurosyphilis and other diseases
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2018
François Boller, Nicoletta Caputi
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, tuberculosis was one of the leading causes of death both in Europe and in the United States, killing millions of people, including several famous artists such as Anton Chekhov (1860–1904), Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849), the Brontë sisters (Emily, 1818–1848, and Charlotte, 1816–1855), Marie Duplessis (1824–1847; the inspiration for Alexandre Dumas’s La dame aux camélias and Guiseppe Verdi’s La Traviata), Amedeo Modigliani (1884–1920), and Franz Kafka (1883–1924). In his novel, The Magic Mountain, Mann describes life in the sanatorium from the point of view of Hans Castorp, who intended a brief three-week visit to the sanatorium where his cousin was hospitalized, but who was forced to stay for seven years because he himself became infected. Thomas Mann realistically describes the morbid and hopeless atmosphere among a group of patients in a private tuberculosis sanatorium during the early decades of the nineteenth century when antibiotics did not yet exist. The so called “white plague” was spread by factors, such as poor ventilation and sanitation, but its nature as an infectious disease was demonstrated only in 1882, when the German microbiologist Robert Koch identified the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the same year, the Italian surgeon Carlo Forlanini described the procedure of the artificial pneumothorax for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The first sanatorium was built in Silesia in 1859 by Hermann Brehmer to keep tuberculosis patients isolated. In 1885, Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau opened the first sanatorium in the United States, the Adirondack Cottage Sanatorium at Saranac Lake, New York. Despite advances in science, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death and illness in the world. Approximately 9.6 million new cases were reported in 2014 by the World Health Organization (2015).