China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Infectious diseases
Published in Giuseppe Micali, Francesco Lacarrubba, Dermatoscopy in Clinical Practice, 2018
Francesco Lacarrubba, Anna Elisa Verzì, Marco Ardigò, Giuseppe Micali
The clinical appearance of cutaneous warts is variable. Common warts (verrucae vulgaris) present as single or multiple, usually asymptomatic papules with a rough surface of varying sizes (Figure 9.1a). They may occur in any part of the integument but are more common on the back of hands and fingers. Morphological variants are represented by filiform warts, which are pedunculated, spiculated lesions that mainly affect the face and neck. Palmo-plantar warts may present as superficial, hyperkeratotic plaques, also called mosaic warts, or as deep, painful lesions, also known as myrmecia (Figure 9.2a). Flat warts (verrucae planae) are rounded or polygonal slightly raised papules, of skin color or pigmented (brownish, slightly yellowish), with a flat, smooth, or slightly rough surface (Figure 9.3a). They are commonly located on the face and the back of the hands, and they may be numerous with a linear distribution.
Viral infections
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides, Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Francesco Lacarrubba, Anna Elisa Verzì, Giuseppe Micali
Plane warts (also known as verrucae planae and flat warts) are common HPV infections. They are usually observed in children but may also be encountered in adult women and in immunosuppressed men.1 They are generally caused by the HPV genotypes 3, 10, 26–29, and 41. As observed for CWs, they are mainly transmitted by skin-to-skin contact and may spontaneously regress.
Tumors of the Epidermis
Published in Omar P. Sangueza, Sara Moradi Tuchayi, Parisa Mansoori, Saleha A. Aldawsari, Amir Al-Dabagh, Amany A. Fathaddin, Steven R. Feldman, Dermatopathology Primer of Cutaneous Tumors, 2015
Large vacuolated cells with small pyknotic nucleus (koilocytes) Flat warts or verruca plana show prominent hypergranulosis. The cytoplasm of the cells shows blue-gray inclusionsPalmoplantar warts or myrmecia warts show red cytoplasmic inclusionsEpidermodysplasia verruciformis characterized by large cells with conspicuous perinuclear halo. The cytoplasm, which is blue-gray, contains keratohyalin granules
Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinitis Misdiagnosed as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Chunli Chen, Shuya Wang, Xiaorong Li
Labial salivary gland biopsy (Figure 8) that showed lobule atrophy of labial gland and multiple focus lymphocytic infiltration was grade 3 with Focus score (FS) = 1 according to Chisholm classification5, which was supportive of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). The laboratory examination showed that human leucocyte antigen-27 (HLA-27) was negative, phospholipid syndrome antibody was negative, CD3 + T cell subset was 85.47%, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) was positive, and cytoplasmic antibodies against neutrophils (c-ANCA) were negative. CT scan of the lung revealed scattered bullae and mild interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung. Color doppler ultrasound showed mitral regurgitation and reduced left ventricular diastolic function. Further laboratory examination revealed that the treponema pallidum antibody (19.5 S/CO), toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST) (1:32), and treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) were positive, favoring a diagnosis of active syphilis, while other infection-related indicators i.e., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, T-spot, EB virus antibodies, and antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) were negative. The pathologic results of perineal skin biopsy (Figure 9) were consistent to the feature of verruca plana by showing squamous hyperplasia with papillary hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, and thickening of granular and spinous layer. The diagnoses of SLE, ASPPC, and SS were established according to the detailed examination mentioned above.
Allergic contact dermatitis of adjacent normal skin from 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of flat facial warts
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Usman Asad, Jeannie Nguyen, Ashley Sturgeon
Flat warts (Verruca plana) are reddish-brown or flesh-colored well-demarcated, hyperkeratotic, flat-topped papules characterized by minimal scaling and mild elevation.1 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treats flat warts by acting as an irritant eliciting an immune response. Allergic contact dermatitis of the adjacent normal skin, defined as skin that has not been treated with 5-FU but is adjacent to skin that has been treated, is caused by a hypersensitivity reaction involving T lymphocytes and cytokines. Common manifestations include local pain, pruritus, blister and vesicle formation, eczematous eruptions, and extensive ulcerations.2 In this report, we describe a woman who developed allergic contact dermatitis of the adjacent normal skin after topical application of 5-FU to treat flat facial warts.
Eponychial lesions following bilateral upper extremity vascular composite allotransplantation: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2018
Fedra Fallahian, David Molway, Saagar Jadeja, Rachael Clark, Francisco M. Marty, Leonardo V. Riella, Anil Chandraker, Simon G. Talbot
Verruca plana, commonly known as flat warts, are most commonly caused by HPV types 2, 3, and 10 [8]. Most individuals are exposed to these viruses in childhood and develop immunity that suppresses the formation of active warts. Ongoing research suggests much of this local immunity is mediated by long-lived skin resident T cells. It is likely that this patient’s transplanted arms were previously colonised and protected by donor-derived resident memory T cells. Although the kinetics of turnover are not yet established, it appears that recipient-derived T cells migrate into the transplanted tissues and destroy the donor resident immune cells. As a result, there is a window of time where the protective T cells are not present and the recipient’s immune system is heavily suppressed, allowing unmasking of conditions for which both the donor and recipient had prior immunity. In this case it is most likely that the donor had prior exposure to HPV but his immune system had kept it in check until the arms were transplanted. Given that the patient was treated with a transient increase of oral prednisone and tacrolimus two months prior to his presentation with HPV-related lesions for an episode of acute rejection, it is possible that the increase in immunosuppression facilitated the manifestation of HPV at that time. We typically keep immunosuppression at the lowest safe dose while also being mindful of rejection (in this case tacrolimus level 8–10 ng/mL), and have not been able to significantly reduce it further. While those with healthy immune systems can eventually clear an HPV infection, the immunosuppressed are not typically able to resolve HPV lesions. Other dermatoses which mimic acute rejection in these patients include tinea versicolour, rosacea, molluscum contagiosum and contact dermatitis.