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Ringworm
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea pedis generally respond to topical agents such as terbinafine cream or butenafine cream, but oral antifungal agents may be indicated for extensive disease, failed topical treatment, immunocompromised patients or severe moccasin-type tinea pedis.
Superficial mycoses in the elderly
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
B. P. Glick, M. Zaiac, G. Rebell, N. Zaias
As a result tinea corporis is often misdiagnosed as some other dermatologic condition, such as allergic contact or nummular dermatitis, and the patient is treated with topical corticosteroids. The undisclosed dermatophyte infection ultimately produces a ‘butterfly-like’ lesion or biconcentric rings, representing a steroid-exacerbated dermatophyte infection, and unmasks the so-called ‘tinea incognito’ (Figure 3). Direct microscopic examination of scales from the affected areas reveals multiple branched and septate hyphae (fungal elements) typical of these superficial fungal infections (Figure 4).
Mycoses
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides, Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Dionysios Lekkas, Francesco Lacarrubba, Anna Elisa Verzì, Giuseppe Micali
Tinea corporis is a superficial infection of glabrous skin by fungi. The clinical manifestations result from the invasion and proliferation of fungi in the stratum corneum. By definition, it includes lesions of the trunk and limbs, excluding specialized sites such as the scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis), and groins (tinea cruris).1–3 Fungal infections on the dorsal aspect of the hand have a clinical presentation similar to tinea corporis. However, infection of the palm and interdigital spaces has distinct characteristics and is referred to as tinea manuum.1 In different parts of the world, different species cause tinea corporis. Diagnosis is mainly made by clinical appearance and in more difficult cases can be confirmed by direct microscopy and culture of skin scrapings.
Fenticonazole nitrate loaded trans-novasomes for effective management of tinea corporis: design characterization, in silico study, and exploratory clinical appraisal
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Rofida Albash, Maha H. Ragaie, Mahmoud A. El Hassab, Radwan El-Haggar, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Sara T. Al-Rashood, Shaimaa Mosallam
Fungal diseases are becoming more common these days. They have greater toxic side effects encountered with traditional systemic therapy (Kumar et al., 2014). Tinea corporis, also known as ringworm, is a dermatophytosis (superficial fungal infection especially on the skin) (Merad et al., 2021). The therapeutic efficacy of medication applied topically is mainly determined by its capability to enter and penetrate the skin. Thereby, the development of an innovative drug delivery system will produce better outcomes owing to passing the stratum corneum (SC) and targeting the site of infection (Mosallam et al., 2021a). Fenticonazole nitrate (FTN) is an antifungal agent that belongs to imidazoles. It works by blocking ergosterol production and therefore damaging the cell membrane (Campos et al., 2018). FTN has both fungistatic and fungicidal properties against yeasts, fungi, and dermatophytes. It also inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria (Jung et al., 1988). Hence, FTN is thought to be a promising topical agent for treating skin fungal infections. Unfortunately, the low aqueous solubility of FTN (<0.10 mg/mL) (Albash et al., 2020) arouses the need for designing a new vesicular system to deliver FTN effectively and compel cure of fungal infections.
Diagnostics and management approaches for Acanthamoeba keratitis
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Nóra Szentmáry, Lei Shi, Loay Daas, Berthold Seitz
Miconazol (C18H14Cl4N2O) is an antifungal synthetic derivative of imidazole. It is used in the treatment of candidal skin and vaginal infections and selectively affects the integrity of fungal cell membranes. Miconazole is high in ergosterol content, differs in composition from mammalian cell membranes, and can only be found in individuals who used or took this drug. As an imidazole antifungal agent, it is applied topically or given by intravenous infusion and interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, which is necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. Within the fungal cell membrane, ergosterol is a vital component, and the inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability which ultimately causes leakage of cellular contents. Miconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis. The indications for use are topical application in the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis (moniliasis) and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
Nanotechnological interventions in dermatophytosis: from oral to topical, a fresh perspective
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Riya Bangia, Gajanand Sharma, Sunil Dogra, Om Prakash Katare
Ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative, was the first orally active drug under this category. It shows activity against a number of agents such as yeasts, dermatophytes, and few systemic mycoses. Ketoconazole reaches skin mainly by sweat, but it also has strong adherence to keratin [53–55]. Effective mycological and clinical cures can be obtained in around 1 month for tinea corporis and tinea cruris and about 6 weeks to 2 months in the case of plantar type of tinea pedis on treatment with 200 mg of the drug daily. Short-duration repeated administration of the drug has also shown outcomes. Administration of 400 mg single or repeated monthly dose is found to be suitable for treating tinea versicolor [56,57]. According to the findings of Segal et al., ketoconazole (400 mg) administered once-weekly (repeated for 3–8 months) achieves acceptable outcomes in the treatment of dermatophytosis [58]. However, the use of ketoconazole is associated with hepatotoxicity, which is a serious but rare side effect. The hepatotoxicity occurs on long-term therapy, and thus, majorly seen in the case of onychomycosis [59].