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Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Anna Waśkiel-Burnat, Lidia Rudnicka, Małgorzata Olszewska, Adriana Rakowska, Ralph M. Trüeb, Isabel Kolm
Tinea capitis is mainly caused by Microsporum and Trichophyton species.72 Clinically, tinea capitis is characterized by the presence of hair loss areas with coexistent scaling, inflammation, or pustules.73 In trichoscopy, comma hairs, corkscrew hairs, Morse code-–like hairs, zigzag hairs, bent hairs, block hairs, or i-hairs are the most common.65,74 (See Figure 11e.28.)
Suppression of itch and tinea capitis
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Tinea capitis is a chronic fungal infection. Acquisition of a fungal infection (dermatophyte) appears to be favored by minor trauma, maceration, and poor hygiene of the skin. Usually dermatophytes infections are cured spontaneously due to the reason given here.
Dermatomycoses
Published in Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis, Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis
The species of dermatophyte fungus most likely to cause tinea capitis vary from country to country and often from region to region. In any given location the species may change with time, particularly as new organisms are introduced by immigration. It is of interest that, in tinea capitis, anthropophilic species predominate. In recent years there has been an increase in M. canis as the dominant organism of infection in Europe, and a spread of T. tonsurans in urban communities in Europe and the USA.
Strategies to improve the diagnosis and clinical treatment of dermatophyte infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Despite major developments in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis in economically developed countries, various complications may develop in patients from underdeveloped countries, such as African countries, due to the inability of patients with dermatophyte infections to easily access medical care and antimycotic medications [4]. Tinea capitis and tinea pedis are most commonly observed in children and young adults, respectively, whereas the incidence of onychomycosis increases with age. Tinea capitis, with a global prevalence of 200 million cases, is the primary cause of permanent baldness, particularly in poor countries, thereby indicating the remarkable extent to which fungal disease is common in this context. Even after appropriate treatment, kerion celsi causes permanent hair loss in approximately one-quarter of the affected patients [5].
Nanotechnological interventions in dermatophytosis: from oral to topical, a fresh perspective
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Riya Bangia, Gajanand Sharma, Sunil Dogra, Om Prakash Katare
Griseofulvin is a drug that has activity only against dermatophytes. This antifungal drug is generally considered the drug of choice for treating tinea capitis, especially Microsporum species. The mechanism of action of griseofulvin involves interference with the structure as well as function of microtubules and inhibiting cell division (Figure 1). Griseofulvin is majorly delivered to the skin through sweat and the antifungal binds to it weakly. Griseofulvin diffuses to some extent through the basal layer [47]. Griseofulvin is recommended to be administered continuously until the cure is obtained as the tissue levels in skin corresponds to the fall in plasma levels after discontinuing the antifungal agent. In the cases of chronic superficial mycotic infections and onychomycosis, failures in therapy and development of resistance to the medication are usually reported. The cure rates can be improved significantly by administering higher dosages, above 500 mg/day. Serious side effects are witnessed rarely [48]. A comparative study was conducted by Faergemann et al. for activity against tinea corporis or tinea cruris, between 150 mg fluconazole weekly administration and 500 mg griseofulvin daily administration for 4–6 weeks, in a double-blind trial. Their findings demonstrated that fluconazole and griseofulvin were effective with mycological cure rates of 78% and 80%, respectively [49]. Another study carried out by Cole et al. in 50 patients with tinea corporis depicted the cure rate of 87% with terbinafine, in comparison with that of 73% with griseofulvin [50].
Radiation databases and archives – examples and comparisons
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
Alia Zander, Tatjana Paunesku, Gayle Woloschak
Until 1960, Tinea Capitis, a benign fungal disease of the scalp, was treated using the Adamson-Keinbock technique (Adamson et al. 1909). This technique involved uniform irradiation of the entire scalp through five overlapping exposure areas. From 1948-1960 approximately 20,000 Israeli individuals, mostly immigrant children, were treated for Tinea Capitis via the Adamson-Keinbock method. A follow-up cohort was first initiated in 1968 to track potential delayed effects of ionizing radiation (Sadetzki et al. 2005). The cohort consists of 10,834 irradiated subjects, 10,834 non-irradiated subjects with matched age, gender, country of birth, and year of immigration, and 5,392 non-irradiated siblings matched by age, gender (if possible), country of birth, and year of immigration (Sadetzki et al. 2005). Phantom studies using the original X-ray machines provided individual estimated average doses to different organs for each irradiated subject. The average radiation dose to the brain was 1.5 Gy with a range of 1.0–6.0 Gy. The average age of irradiated individuals was 7.1 +/− 3.1 years with a range of <1–15 years. The cohort includes the following information for each subject: year of birth, gender, country of birth, year of immigration to Israel, year of irradiation, place, and number of irradiations, topography, morphology, date of tumor diagnosis, and date of death if applicable (Sadetzki et al. 2005). Similar cohorts and archives were attempted or utilized in other countries (including the US cohort with data and samples currently housed at the Univ. Rochester) as well, as Tinea Capitis was a world-wide disease affecting thousands before the discovery of an effective fungicide.