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Scheme for Investigating Cases Involving Firearms
Published in Paul T. Jayaprakash, Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction, 2023
Close or intermediary range shot: Here, evidence characterizing contact or near contact shots are absent, but still GSR reaches the target. The range can be a few inches for hand arms and up to a few feet for shoulder arms. Singeing is absent in shots fired in intermediary ranges. Typically, tattooing occurs on the area of the skin not covered by clothes or hair.
Injuries in Children
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Abrasions should be washed with clean tap water. There is no evidence that sterile saline solutions confer any benefit. Any foreign body or foreign material should be removed by gentle scrubbing in order to prevent tattooing. Topical anaesthesia, such as lidocaine gel or EMLA cream, may be useful in order to facilitate the scrubbing process. Application of LAT gel (Lidocaine, Adrenaline, Tetracaine) is a useful method of obtaining good wound anaesthesia for exploration or cleaning. Often, the wound can be fully anesthetized using LAT gel alone but if not, local anaesthetic can usually be painlessly infiltrated through the areas of skin covered by the gel. Abrasions should be covered with a non-stick dressing and once cleaned, heavily contaminated wounds should be treated with antibiotics and reviewed within 48 hours in order to monitor for infection.
Tattooing in Vitiligo
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Tattooing is a process of uniform implantation of minute, metabolically inert, pigmented chemical particles or microscopic granules into the dermis through a multiple puncture technique using manually or electrically driven, closely held needles. It may be used to camouflage the depigmented skin in a lesional pattern or to create designs [2,4].
An update on cutaneous complications of permanent tattooing
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019
Decorative permanent tattooing involves the introduction of exogenous pigments and/or colorants into the dermis to produce a permanent design [1]. It remains extremely popular, as illustrated by the constant increase of relative search volumes for the topic ‘tattoo’ worldwide on Google Trends [2]. Between 10 and 30% of the general population currently has tattoos worldwide [3–7]. In our recent study, we estimated almost one of five individuals (18.5%) (Figure 1) [8]. Twenty-seven per cent of those aged between 25 and 34 years have one tattoo or more [8]. Complications after tattooing have been long known [9–11]. It is nowadays not uncommon that a patient may present to a physician for a healing problem, a local side effect after tattooing or for advice before getting tattooed. This review is an update of two previous articles [12,13]. We will focus only on cutaneous complications after tattooing. We will not review the issues related to tattoo removal.
The Anatomical Tattoo
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2018
Dr Wendy Birch’s short opening chapter ‘The Anatomy of a Tattoo’ provides an informative and comprehensive overview on the science of the skin, and the manner in which tattoo ink is deposited. This is particularly refreshing as in other tattoo dedicated books the science of the craft is rarely explained, instead giving way to a more conceptual and theoretical interpretation of representation. That is not to say the latter is irrelevant by any means. Instead, in what is predominately a coffee table book, it is stimulating to see complex scientific fact be presented in a coherent and easily understood manner. Interestingly, in the world of tattooing, much is often said about the pain of a tattoo but never any true interpretation of why. Birch clearly positions why certain anatomical locations are painful to be tattooed: ‘Skin also tends to be thinner on the anterior surface of the body; for example, skin on the anterior surface of the forearm is thinner than that on the posterior surface. This is one reason why tattoos on the anterior forearm are comparatively more painful than those on the posterior forearm’ (p. 15).
Comparison of contraction rates of epigastric and extended dorsal island skin flaps in rats
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
Furkan Certel, Mehmet Bayramicli, Merdan Serin
Yavas et al. has taken a new approach to the problem by offering a formula to correct this contraction difference. In this formula, the contraction rate of viable and necrotic flap areas is calculated separately and a correction is applied to the results. A similar formula has been used in another study with epigastric flaps [8]. Misholy et al. have proposed another solution to the problem by marking the flap areas with 4 cm2 wide squares with tattoos prior to surgery. But this method doesn’t account for the different contraction rates of necrotic and viable flap areas. The trauma caused by the tattooing is another problem with this technique [17].