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Tattooing in Vitiligo
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
The procedure can be accomplished as an office procedure under strict aseptic conditions using local anesthesia. A pigment paste is generally prepared using distilled water, normal saline, glycerin, or alcohol to obtain a reasonable consistency which does not flow. Inlaying of the pigment can be achieved by using a simple hypodermic needle for a small area of vitiligo like focal vitiligo. Motorized tattoo machines (tattoo guns) are also available commercially, which have a group of needles to inlay pigment into dermis with a back-and-forth motorized movement. These tattoo machines can be sterilized with autoclaving or with chemical sterilization for the needles [3,4]. A watchmaker's pin vise can also be used innovatively to hold multiple sewing needles to tattoo a small area manually [6]. These sewing needles can be used as disposable needles, so the complication of reuse can be avoided [6]. The pigment shows in the tattooed area immediately, and it becomes swollen due to multiple pricks and requires prophylactic systemic and topical antibiotics and analgesics.
Nipple-areola complex reconstruction
Published in Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava, Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Management of the Breast, 2020
Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava
Tattooing is either used by itself or in conjunction with skin grafting and can provide excellent areolar color match with limited morbidity.4 Tattooing uses intradermal sterile pigments on the needle of the tattoo machine. Rotating the cap of the needle assembly can regulate the depth of pigment placement. Pigment deposited too superficially will result in pigment extrusion and sloughing, while deeper placement leads to macrophage processing and removal, both resulting in early pigment fading. The selected color is typically one or two shades darker than the native areola due to a tendency for color fading over time. The tattooed area will usually undergo sloughing and crusting for 3–5 days. The area should be kept moist with bacitracin or some other type of petroleum jelly. After this period, slight de-pigmentation may occur and many patients will require touch-ups over the next few months.
Tattoo-Associated Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Emmett T. Cunningham, James P. Dunn, Derrick P. Smit, Manfred Zierhut
The word ‘tattoo’ was introduced into the English language in the mid-eighteenth century through the writings of James Cook, a British naval officer who sailed and explored the South Pacific. These travels took Cook and his crew to Polynesia, where skin art was common and referred to by the local inhabitants as ‘tatau’ or ‘tatu’ - meaning ‘to strike.’1 At least five types of tattoos are recognized by dermatologists, including: 1) traumatic, as can occur following a penetrating injury with asphalt or pencil lead; 2) medical, which are used to direct and dose radiation and other therapeutic interventions; 3) identification, used historically in prisons and labor or concentration camps and increasingly for medical alert in diabetics or those with severe allergies; 4) cosmetic, as applied to mimic temporary eyeliner and/or eyebrow contours, or to camouflage dermatologic conditions such as vitiligo; and 5) decorative – by far the most common and often involving large and multiple areas of skin.2,3 While various forms of tattooing have been performed for millennia, the practice has become particularly commonplace in recent decades, with 10% to 30% people in developed countries and up to half or more of some regional or sub-populations having at least one decorative or cosmetic tattoo.4–6 Tattoos are produced by injection of dyes and pigments into the dermis through a needle; while some tattoos are still applied by hand, tattoo machines are now used more commonly by commercial tattoo artists.
The effect of the perfluorodecalin patch on particle emission and skin temperature during laser-induced tattoo removal
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Wojciech Danysz, Birgit Becker, Marion Begnier, Gaëlle Clermont, Peter Kreymerman
Guide tattoo dots were made on each pig to guide the tattoo line creation, patch placement, and laser treatment (see Figure 1) using the tattoo machine Dermographe M3695 and professional ink (Panthera XXX Tribal Black) at a depth of 1 mm. Then, each pig received 10 tattoo lines (4.3 cm length and 3 mm thickness, Figure 1) and 10 sites were left untreated (total of 20 sites per pig). The length of the tattoo line was defined to allow its covering by the patch of 6.3 cm length. Sixteen days later, laser treatment was performed.
Novel drug delivery approaches for the management of hair loss
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Waleed Alsalhi, Ammar Alalola, Michael Randolph, Eran Gwillim, Antonella Tosti
Microinfusion of drugs into the skin using hollow microneedles of professional tattoo machines is another new technique utilized for skin delivery. Data on alopecias are limited to a case report of two patients with AGA who improved with microinfusion of 5% Minoxidil [13]. The advantage of this technique over intralesional injection is that a small amount of drug can be delivered homogeneously into the skin and consistently at the same depth, thus improving drug delivery to the desired target(s).