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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Patients may have used the product for a period of 7-14 days or longer before becoming photosensitized, depending on the frequency of application and the intensity of exposure to ultraviolet light. Often, however, photodermatitis developed within 1-2 days of application and exposure to either sunlight or artificial UV-light from sunbed or solarium. These patients frequently remember having used the same product, a similar product containing ketoprofen or a pharmaceutical with a cross-reacting substance before, which was either well tolerated at that time or had given a rash.
Mechanisms of Drug Reactions
Published in Kirsti Kauppinen, Kristiina Alanko, Matti Hannuksela, Howard Maibach, Skin Reactions to Drugs, 2020
Kristiina Alanko, Matti Hannuksela
In a phototoxic reaction, symptoms and signs resemble those of sunburn and will develop usually in 5 to 24 hours, but in reactions to methoxsalen and bergapten the appearance of the reaction may be delayed up to 3 days. The amount of irradiation needed for a phototoxic reaction is much lower than that needed for a corresponding reaction without a phototoxic drug. The mechanism is non-immunologic, and certain drugs, e.g., phototoxic psoralens, produce a phototoxic reaction in all individuals taking a sufficient amount of the drug and UV irradiation. Certain other drugs, e.g., phenotiazines, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines, cause photodermatitis in occasional cases only. In such cases, the phototoxic compound is usually a metabolite, not the drug itself. The proportion of patients reacting to chlorpromazine has been reported to be up to 25%,15 and to quinolones up to 15%.16
The Evaluation of Photo Allergic Contact Sensitizers in Humans
Published in Francis N. Marzulli, Howard I. Maibach, Dermatotoxicology Methods: The Laboratory Worker’s Vade Mecum, 2019
This synthetic fragrance, which is used in aftershave lotions, perfumes, and soaps, was recently identified as a photosensitizer (Raugi et al., 1979). Most commonly affected were middle-aged or elderly men using aftershave lotions containing musk. Sporadic cases, some with persistent photosensitivity, have since been reported (Giovinazzo et al., 1980). We have seen three similarly affected males, one of whom had a persistent Photodermatitis; all these patients had positive photopatch tests to pure musk ambrette. Some photosensitized patients present with a dermatitis that does not have the clinical features of a “typical” Photodermatitis and hence the diagnosis may not be suspected (Ramsay, 1984). Musk ambrette is the most significant photocontact sensitizer in patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (Barber and Cronin, 1982). Efforts to induce photosensitization to this substance in humans have been unsuccessful, even in a trial in which a 10% concentration was employed and the induction phase extended to 6 instead of 3 weeks. Musk ambrette is probably a very weak photosensitizer that cannot be detected by the photomaximization test. Furthermore, shaving may be a factor contributing to induction (Kochevar et al., 1979). Other musk derivatives have not yet been examined for their photosensitizing potential, and it is possible that positive photopatch tests in patients may represent cross-reaction to other nitro-musks that are more potent inducers.
Development and characterisation of clobetasol propionate loaded Squarticles as a lipid nanocarrier for treatment of plaque psoriasis
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Ankita Dadwal, Neeraj Mishra, Ravindra K. Rawal, Raj Kumar Narang
The aim of this study is to develop a ‘squarticles,’ composed of clobetasol propionate loaded nanoemulgel and evaluate its potential in the plaque psoriatic animal model. The nanoemulgel was prepared by dispersing the clobetasol propionate loaded nanoemulsions incarbopol gel base and its efficacy was evaluated in rat. The ultraviolet rays B used to induce photodermatitis psoriasis in Wistar rats (Nakaguma et al.1995; Singhal and Kansara 2012) based on scoring to check severity and histopathology (Fredriksson and Pettersson 1978). We also had used squalene in our formulation which is a sebum derived lipid and shows its affinity towards sebaceous glands and because of which drug shows depot effect in it and retention of drug in the skin was increased (Huang et al.2009; Aljuffali et al.2014).
Himalayan poisonous plants for traditional healings and protection from viral attack: a comprehensive review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shriya Pathania, Diksha Pathania, Priyanka Chauhan, Mamta Sharma
Phyto-photodermatitis (PPD) also known as dermatitis pratensis that can be identified by cutaneous phototoxic inflammatory eruption resulting from contact with botanical substances which are light sensitizing (Wink 2010). The skin lesions are similar to burns. There is a delay between skin contact and the first signs of irritation. Phyto-photodermatitis should not be confused with contact allergy or with photoallergic reactions such as polymorphous light eruption, persistent light reaction, or solar urticaria. The treatment consists of thorough cleansing of the skin and application of a steroid cream. Celery, parsnips, figs, and parsley foods should be avoided by people with photodermatitis, e.g. in SLE because of containing large amounts of psoralens.